Keywords
Air Sovereignty
International Law
Security
How to Cite
Abstract
General Background: The delegation of Indonesia's Flight Information Region (FIR) over the Riau Islands and Natuna to Singapore has raised concerns about national sovereignty and international law. Specific Background: The Chicago Convention asserts that countries have complete sovereignty over their airspace, but Indonesia’s FIR management by Singapore challenges this principle. Knowledge Gap: The potential risks to sovereignty and security arising from this delegation have not been fully addressed. Aims: This study analyzes the implications of FIR delegation on Indonesia’s sovereignty and security, proposing steps for regaining control. Results: The study finds that Singapore's role is administrative, not a transfer of sovereignty, though it creates security risks. Novelty: The analysis offers new insights into the legal and strategic implications of FIR management. Implications: Recommendations focus on modernizing air navigation infrastructure and strengthening Indonesia's sovereignty.
Highlights:
- Delegation of FIR to Singapore raises concerns over Indonesia's airspace sovereignty.
- The Chicago Convention ensures full sovereignty over airspace, yet the delegation remains an administrative issue.
- Regaining FIR control is crucial for Indonesia's national security and strategic interests.
Keywords: FIR, Air Sovereignty, International Law, Security
References
J. R. Saputri, "Penegakan Hukum Atas Pelanggaran Kedaulatan di Wilayah Udara Negara Indonesia oleh Pesawat Udara Asing," Lex Adm., vol. 11, no. 1, 2023.
D. Yealta and R. Lestari, "Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa FIR (Flight Information Region) di Atas Kepulauan Natuna dengan Singapura," J. Online Mhs. Fak. Ilmu Sos. dan Ilmu Polit. Univ. Riau, vol. 3, no. 1, 2016.
S. Sefriani, "Pelanggaran Ruang Udara Oleh Pesawat Asing Menurut Hukum Internasional dan Hukum Nasional Indonesia," J. Huk. Ius Quia Iustum, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 538–565, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.20885/iustum.vol22.iss4.art2.
A. Periani, A. Djatmiko, and H. Kusumawardana, "Strategi Peningkatan Keamanan Ruang Udara Indonesia di Era Digital dalam Perspektif Hukum," UNES Law Rev., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 2848–2858, 2023.
N. Indrawati, "Peluang Dan Tantangan Penandatanganan Perjanjian Penyesuaian Flight Information Region (FIR) Antara Indonesia dengan Singapura," J. Paradig. Huk. Pembang., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 18–36, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.25170/paradigma.v7i2.3541.
K. Pauline, Kepentingan Singapura Terhadap Flight Information Region (FIR) Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna. Palembang: Universitas Sriwijaya, 2022.
D. E. Jasmine, Kesepakatan Indonesia dan Singapura dalam Penyesuaian Batas Flight Information Region (FIR) terhadap Kedaulatan Navigasi Udara di Kepulauan Riau, Natuna, dan Batam Tahun 2022. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2024.
S. M. Sechan, "Review Terhadap Kebijakan Pertahanan Wilayah Udara Indonesia Government of Republic Indonesia dan Wilayah Informasi Penerbangan Jakarta dan Peraturan Internal. Isu Internal Terkait untuk Mengambil Alih Pengelolaan Wilayah," Dialekt. Publik, vol. 7, no. 2, 2020.
A. Dirwan, "Pengaturan Ruang Udara di atas Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI)," J. Ketahanan Nas., vol. 16, no. 3, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.12646.
"Meningkatkan Ketahanan Ruang Udara Indonesia melalui Analisis Intelijen," J. Kaji. Strat. Ketahanan Nas., vol. 7, no. 1, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.7454/jkskn.v7i1.10087.
J. S. Koloay, "Kekosongan Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Ruang Udara di Indonesia," J. Keamanan Nas., vol. 7, no. 1, 2021.
H. Siraji, "The Sovereignty of the Air Space and Its Protection in the Perspective of International Law: Some Aliens Intervention in Southeast Asian Countries," Int. Law Discourse Southeast Asia, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 159–184, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.15294/ildisea.v1i2.58397.
N. Sutrisno and R. N. M. Romdoni, "Ratifikasi Perjanjian Penyesuaian Wilayah Informasi Penerbangan antara Indonesia dan Singapura: Pilihan Rasional atau Status Quo?," Undang J. Huk., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 393–417, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.22437/ujh.5.2.393-417.
L. Husna and A. Riyanto, "Implikasi Perjanjian Internasional Flight Information Region (FIR) Singapura atas Ruang Udara Indonesia terhadap Kepulauan Riau," Pros. Semin. Nas. Ilmu Sos. dan Teknol., vol. 2.
N. A. Puteh, A. P. Prabandari, and L. T. Setyawanta, "Implikasi Perjanjian Penyesuaian FIR Antara Indonesia dengan Singapura Tahun 2022 terhadap Wilayah Udara Indonesia," J. Pembang. Huk. Indones., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 35–48, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.14710/jphi.v6i1.35-48.
E. Silalahi, M. Bachtiar, and W. Edorita, "Implikasi Hukum Internasional Pada Flight Information Region (FIR) Singapura Atas Wilayah Udara Indonesia Terhadap Kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia," J. Online Mhs. Fak. Huk. Univ. Riau, vol. 2, no. 1, 2015.
H. Sari, "Pengambilalihan Flight Information Region (FIR) Singapura Atas Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna dalam Perspektif Teori Kedaulatan," Innov. J. Soc. Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. 1, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i1.8973.
F. Wirsamulia, "Commercialization of Airnav Indonesia as Air Navigation Provider: Is It Beneficial?," J. Media Huk., vol. 27, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.18196/jmh.20200147.
A. Mawardika, M. Rosyidin, D. Muhammad, and F. Alfian, "Peran Rezim Internasional International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) dalam Penanganan Kasus Penembakan Pesawat Sipil Ukraina oleh Militer Iran Januari 2020," J. Int. Relations Diponegoro, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 289–299, 2022, [Online]. Available: http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jihi. [Accessed: Jan. 2025].
R. Prayuda and S. Harto, ASEAN dan Kejahatan Transnasional Narkotika (Problematika, Dinamika dan Tantangan). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak, 2020.
M. C. Ardan, "Diplomasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Flight Information Region Indonesia-Singapura di atas Wilayah Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna," J. SAINS, Sos. Dan Hum., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–6, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.52046/jssh.v2i2.1320.
J. M. Nwaogu, Y. Yang, A. P. C. Chan, and X. Wang, "Enhancing Drone Operator Competency within the Construction Industry: Assessing Training Needs and Roadmap for Skill Development," Buildings, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 1153, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.3390/buildings14041153.
A. Tri Novianto, "Strategi Pengambilalihan Flight Information Region Kepulauan Natuna," J. Soc. Res., vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 939–948, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.55324/josr.v1i9.212.
S. Utomo and A. A. R. Azzqy, "Penguasaan FIR (Flight Information Region) di Kepulauan Riau Terkait dengan DCA (Defense Cooperation Agreement) Indonesia-Singapura," Balcony, vol. 1, no. 1, 2017.
B. Setiani, "Konsep Kedaulatan Negara di Ruang Udara dan Upaya Penegakan Pelanggaran Kedaulatan oleh Pesawat Udara Asing," J. Konstitusi, vol. 14, no. 3, 2017.
N. Muhammad, A. Latipulhayat, and G. Pratama, "Realignment of Flight Information Region Agreement Between Indonesia and Singapore 2022: Unraveling Sovereignty and Ratification Issues for Indonesia," Padjadjaran J. Ilmu Huk. (Journal Law), vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–25, 2024, doi: 10.22304/pjih.v11n1.a1.
E. P. Lestari, "The Delegation of State Sovereignty over Air Space in the Implementation of Air Navigation: The Analysis of the Agreement Between Indonesia and Singapore on Management of the Batam and Natuna Flight Information Region," Fiat Justisia Jurnal Ilmu Huk., vol. 11, no. 2, p. 173, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no2.813.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.