Syarif Adhika Adhin Nurzati (1), Damora Rhakasywi (2), Fahrudin Fahrudin (3)
General Background The increasing demand for renewable energy highlights the potential of biomass waste as a sustainable energy source. Specific Background Spent coffee grounds represent an abundant biomass material with high calorific potential, yet their utilization efficiency depends strongly on processing parameters during pelletization. Knowledge Gap Previous studies have not fully elucidated how compaction pressure and pressing duration affect the physicochemical characteristics of coffee-ground biopellets according to the SNI 8021:2014 standard. Aims This study investigates the effects of varying pressure (500, 750, and 1000 kgf) and pressing duration (30 s and 180 s) on the quality attributes of biopellets composed of 92.5% coffee waste and 7.5% tapioca adhesive. Results Findings indicate that higher pressure and longer pressing duration significantly improve density, reduce moisture and volatile matter, and enhance fixed carbon content, though the ash content remains above the acceptable limit. The optimal combination of 1000 kgf and 180 s produced biopellets meeting the SNI standards for calorific value and bound carbon. Novelty This research provides quantitative insights into the synergistic role of mechanical compaction and pressing time in optimizing biofuel quality from coffee waste. Implications The results support the advancement of circular bioenergy production in Indonesia by transforming coffee waste into high-quality renewable fuel.
Highlights:
High pressure and longer compression improve biopellet quality.
Only 1000 kgf–180 s meets SNI standards for bound carbon and calorific value.
High ash content remains the main limitation of coffee waste biopellets.
Keywords: Biopellet, Coffee Waste, Pressure, Compression Time, Renewable Energy
L. Rahayu and J. Windarta, “Tinjauan Potensi dan Kebijakan Pengembangan PLTA dan PLTMH di Indonesia,” Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 88–98, 2022, doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13327.
F. Rahmadianto, G. Pohan, and E. Susanto, “Analisis Campuran Lumpur dan Tetes Tebu pada Briket Tinja Hewan dengan Metode Taguchi,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing, Materials, and Energy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 91–95, 2021, doi: 10.31289/jmemme.v5i1.4283.
V. D. Pratiwi, “Effect of Burning Temperature on the Quality of Alternative Bio-Energy from Coffee Waste,” ELKOMIKA Journal of Electrical Energy Engineering, Telecommunications, and Electronics, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 615, 2020, doi: 10.26760/elkomika.v8i3.615.
M. Muazzinah, M. Meriatna, S. Bahri, N. ZA, and I. Ishak, “Pemanfaatan Limbah Ampas Kopi Menjadi Biomassa Pelet (Biopelet) sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan,” Chemical Engineering Journal of Storage, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 85–94, 2022, doi: 10.29103/cejs.v2i3.6518.
R. S. Harjanti, “Pemanfaatan Limbah Pabrik Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit dan Pabrik Gula sebagai Sumber Energi Biopelet dengan Perekat Tepung Tapioka,” Jurnal Pengelolaan Perkebunan, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2022, doi: 10.54387/jpp.v1i1.25.
R. Jannah, E. Sribudiani, and S. Somadona, “Biopelet dari Limbah Biomassa Serbuk Serutan Rotan dan Serbuk Gergaji Campuran Menggunakan Perekat Sagu sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif,” Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 147–161, 2022, doi: 10.31849/forestra.v17i2.9628.
F. Goembira, D. Aristi, D. Nofriadi, and N. Putri, “Analisis Konsentrasi PM2.5, CO, dan CO2 serta Laju Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Biopelet Sekam Padi dan Jerami pada Kompor Biomassa,” Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 201–210, 2021, doi: 10.14710/jil.19.2.201-210.
M. H. Darussalam, I. Rusnadi, and Z. Zurohaina, “Uji Kompor Gas Biomassa Menggunakan Berbagai Jenis Isolator Ditinjau dari Efisiensi Termal dengan Metode Water Boiling Test,” Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Indonesia, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 547–551, 2022, doi: 10.52436/1.jpti.133.
V. D. Pratiwi and I. Mukhaimin, “Pengaruh Suhu dan Jenis Perekat terhadap Kualitas Biobriket dari Ampas Kopi dengan Metode Torefaksi,” CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 39–50, 2021, doi: 10.25273/cheesa.v4i1.7697.
A. S. Fajar, “Pengaruh Durasi Penekanan dan Ukuran Partikel terhadap Kualitas Pelet Serbuk Gergaji,” Undergraduate Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2022.
N. Iskandar, S. Sulardjaka, M. Munadi, S. Nugroho, R. C. Muhamadin, and D. F. Fitriyana, “The Effect of Water Content and Binder Made from Cassava Starch and Densification Pressure on the Quality of Rice Husk Bio-Pellets,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1569, IOP Publishing, 2020, p. 012019, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1569/1/012019.
J. Triatmoko, F. Arifin, and Y. Bow, “Comparison of Moisture of Biopellet from Sugarcane Bagasse and Coconut Dregs as Raw Materials for Co-Firing Power Plant,” Journal of Mechanical, Civil, and Industrial Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 34–39, 2023, doi: 10.32996/jmcie.2023.4.2.5.
A. Syarief, A. Nugraha, and M. N. Ramadhan, “Variasi Komposisi dan Jenis Perekat terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Karakteristik Pembakaran Briket Limbah Arang Kayu Alaban,” in Proceedings of the National Seminar on Hazardous Waste Management (Seminar Nasional Limbah B3), 2021, pp. 1–12.
A. Colantoni, et al., “Spent Coffee Ground Characterization, Pelletization Test and Emissions Assessment in the Combustion Process,” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84772-y.
N. Sukarta and P. S. Ayuni, “Analisis Proksimat dan Nilai Kalor pada Pellet Biosolid yang Dikombinasikan dengan Biomassa Limbah Bambu,” Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 728–735, 2016, doi: 10.23887/jstundiksha.v5i1.8278.
D. C. Hakika, S. Jamilatun, S. Zahira, R. Setyarini, A. Rahayu, and R. S. Ardiansyah, “Combustion Quality Analysis of Bio-Briquettes from Mixture of Coconut Shell Waste and Coal with Tapioca Flour Adhesive,” Indonesian Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.26555/ijce.v1i1.452.
A. R. Pratama and D. H. Praswanto, “Analisa Laju Pembakaran pada Briket Ampas Kopi dan Serbuk Kayu dengan Campuran Minyak Sawit,” in Proceedings of SENIATI, 2022, pp. 250–258, doi: 10.36040/seniati.v6i2.4986.
G. A. Kristanto and H. Wijaya, “Assessment of Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) and Coffee Silverskin (CS) as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF),” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 195, IOP Publishing, 2018, p. 012056, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/195/1/012056.