Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies
Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies (IJINS) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo four times a year. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics concerning new innovation on all aspects. IJINS is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English. Accredited "S3" by the Ministry of Research-Technology and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia Abbreviation IJINS (Indonesian Journal Innovation Studies) DOI prefix 10.21070 by Citation Analysis SCOPUS | Web of Science | Dimension Index Services Google Scholar | SINTA | Dimension | Journalstories ISSN (online) 2598-9936 Publisher Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Editor in Chief Dr. Hindarto Managing Editor Mahardhika Darmawan Kusuma Wardana Frequency 4 (four) issues per year (January, April, July and October)
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
School Website Development for Parental Information Access
General Background: The rapid advancement of information technology has reshaped information management and communication practices within educational institutions, including primary schools. Specific Background: At SDIT Persis 99 Rancabango, school information for parents has been disseminated through fragmented and conventional channels, resulting in unstructured data and limited traceability. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies predominantly positioned school websites as promotional or one-way communication tools, leaving limited empirical evidence on their role as centralized information systems tailored to sustained parental access. Aims: This study aimed to develop a school information system based on a website using Google Sites to provide structured, integrated, and continuously accessible information for parents. Results: Using the ADDIE development model, the website was validated by media and content experts with feasibility scores exceeding 90%, received highly positive parental responses, and demonstrated a statistically significant increase in parental information access based on pretest–posttest analysis. Novelty: This study positions Google Sites as a practical platform for developing a centralized school information system specifically oriented toward parental information needs in primary education contexts. Implications: The findings provide empirical and practical contributions for elementary schools with limited resources in adopting centralized, user-friendly digital information services to support transparent and structured school–parent communication. Highlights • Centralized School Information Reduced Fragmented Communication Channels • Google Sites Supported Structured Parental Information Access • ADDIE-Based Development Achieved High Expert Validation Scores Keywords School Information System; School Website; Google Sites; Parental Information Access; ADDIE Model
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Faza Fauziyyah, Wahyudin, Ayu Puji Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kabar Sunda Program Reduces Aggressive Behavior in Elementary Students
General Background: Aggressive behavior among elementary students disrupts learning activities and hinders social-emotional development in classroom environments. Specific Background: This condition was found in a third-grade student at SDN 1 Puspahiang, exhibiting physical, verbal, emotional, and hostile aggression, requiring contextual interventions aligned with Sundanese cultural values. Knowledge Gap: Although character education and cultural-based learning are theoretically recommended, practical implementation in schools remains limited, particularly programs integrating Kaulinan Barudak Sunda for behavioral regulation. Aims: This study aims to identify forms of aggression demonstrated by the student and to apply the Kabar Sunda (Kaulinan Barudak Sunda) Program as a strategy for reducing aggressive behavior. Results: A qualitative case study was conducted using participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation over five traditional game sessions. Findings indicate aggressive behavior across dimensions conceptualized by Buss and Perry, triggered by internal emotional frustration and external disharmonious interactions, with aggression reduction reaching approximately 70–80% and improvement in rule compliance, participation, cooperation, and social interaction. Novelty: This research introduces a culturally grounded intervention through traditional Sundanese games as a contextual, engaging mechanism for behavioral regulation in early education settings. Implications: The outcomes offer a practical alternative for schools to employ local cultural assets as sustainable character-building strategies, reinforcing values of silih asih, silih asah, and silih asuh while fostering a conducive learning climate. Highlights Aggressive behavior decreased progressively across five sessions of traditional Sundanese games. Cultural values integration supported improvements in compliance, cooperation, and interaction. Localized educational programs created a meaningful alternative for character development. Keywords Aggressive Behavior; Elementary Students; Kabar Sunda Program; Traditional Games; Local Culture
Copyright (c) 2025 Rara Nurrahmah, Anggia Suci Pratiwi, Asti Tri Lestari, Rikha Surtika Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Android Based Differentiated Science Media for Elementary Literacy Improvement
General Background: Scientific literacy in elementary education is increasingly essential in response to technological development and digital learning environments. Specific Background: Science learning in elementary schools remains dominated by teacher-centered methods, resulting in abstract conceptual understanding that does not align with students’ concrete cognitive development stages, particularly in Earth and Moon motion topics. Knowledge Gap: Although Android-based learning media have been widely developed for science education, differentiated science media specifically designed for Earth and Moon movement materials at the elementary level remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to develop, validate, and test Android-based differentiated science learning media designed to support elementary students’ literacy skills. Results: The developed media demonstrated high feasibility, with material validity reaching 87%, media feasibility 75%, and practitioner practicality between 95–96%. Trial results showed significant improvements between pretest and posttest scores, supported by moderate N-Gain values ranging from 0.64 to 0.67 and statistically significant paired sample test results. Novelty: This study presents differentiated Android-based science media integrating visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning modes for abstract Earth and Moon motion concepts. Implications: The findings indicate that differentiated digital science media can support concrete understanding, promote independent learning, and provide practical instructional alternatives for elementary science classrooms. Highlights • The learning media integrates differentiated visual, auditory, and kinesthetic components aligned with student learning styles • Validation results confirm high feasibility and practical classroom applicability • Trial outcomes show consistent improvement in student literacy achievement Keywords Android Learning Media; Differentiated Learning; Science Literacy; Elementary Education; Digital Learning Media
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Bumantara, Akbar Al Masjid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Android Interactive Multimedia in Zakat Fitrah Learning
General Background: Digital technology integration has become an essential component of contemporary elementary education, particularly to support interactive and student-centered learning environments. Specific Background: In Islamic Religious Education, zakat fitrah instruction at SDN 3 Mulyasari remains dominated by lecture-based methods and limited media variation, resulting in low student participation and learning activity despite widespread Android device ownership. Knowledge Gap: Existing Android-based learning media for zakat fitrah are limited in contextual design and have not sufficiently addressed student participation and activity at the elementary level. Aims: This study aimed to develop Android-based interactive learning multimedia for zakat fitrah using the ADDIE research and development model and to examine changes in student participation and learning activity. Results: The developed multimedia, validated by media, material, and language experts, achieved a feasibility score of 90.5%. Student participation increased from 72.30 to 81.10, while learning activity rose from 69.10 to 81.60, with paired sample t-test results indicating statistically significant differences. Novelty: This study presents a contextually designed Android interactive multimedia product specifically developed for zakat fitrah learning at the elementary school level. Implications: The findings indicate that Android-based interactive multimedia can serve as an alternative digital learning medium to support active participation and learning activity in Islamic Religious Education. Highlights • Android-Based Multimedia Demonstrates High Feasibility Validation • Student Participation Shows Measurable Positive Change • Learning Activity Scores Increase After Multimedia Use Keywords Interactive Learning Multimedia; Android-Based Learning; Zakat Fitrah Education; Student Participation; Learning Activity
Copyright (c) 2026 Noneng Yuningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Web-Based Educational Game Development Using Deep Learning for Fractions
General Background: Mathematics learning in elementary schools requires learning media that support conceptual understanding through interactive and technology-based approaches. Specific Background: Fraction topics remain challenging for students due to limited visualization and minimal utilization of digital learning media in classroom practice. Knowledge Gap: Although educational games and deep learning approaches have been discussed separately, the development of web-based educational games explicitly integrating deep learning principles for elementary fraction learning is still limited. Aims: This study aims to develop a web-based educational game applying a deep learning approach to support fourth-grade students’ understanding of fraction concepts. Results: Using a Research and Development method with the ADDIE model, the developed game “Pizzeria Pecahan – Ultimate Edition” obtained very high validation scores from material experts, media experts, and classroom teachers, and student learning outcomes showed a notable increase between pretest and posttest results. Novelty: This study presents a web-based educational game that systematically embeds deep learning elements such as exploration, reflection, and problem-solving within fraction learning activities. Implications: The findings indicate that web-based game media grounded in deep learning principles can serve as an alternative digital learning resource to support meaningful and student-centered mathematics learning in elementary education. Highlights • The study produced a web-based educational game integrating deep learning principles • Expert validation confirmed high feasibility in content, design, and pedagogy • Student fraction understanding showed substantial improvement after implementation Keywords Educational Game; Deep Learning; Fraction Concepts; Web-Based Learning Media; Mathematics Learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Rini Rosmiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Character Education Values in the Novel Sanggarguri for High School Literature Learning
Background: Character education is a fundamental component of formal education, particularly in addressing moral and social challenges among students in contemporary society. Specific background: Literary texts grounded in local culture provide concrete representations of character values through narratives, traditions, and social interactions, as reflected in the novel Sanggarguri by Lalu Agus Fathurrahman. Knowledge gap: Previous studies on Sanggarguri have largely emphasized cultural and symbolic dimensions, while systematic analysis of character education values in relation to high school literature learning remains limited. Aims: This study aims to identify character education values embedded in the novel Sanggarguri and to describe their use within high school literature learning. Results: The analysis reveals five dominant values: respect, responsibility, tolerance, cooperation, and courage, manifested through characters’ attitudes, cultural rituals, and moral decision-making. Novelty: This study positions Sanggarguri as a local literary text that integrates Sasak cultural wisdom with character education values. Implications: The findings support the use of local novels as contextual teaching materials for high school literature learning, particularly in developing moral awareness, empathy, and cultural understanding in line with curriculum objectives. Highlights Identification of five core character education values in Sanggarguri. Representation of Sasak local wisdom through literary narratives and traditions. Suitability of the novel for high school literature learning contexts. Keywords Character Education, Novel Sanggarguri, Sasak Culture, High School Literature Learning, Local Wisdom
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Ayu Fazlina, Saharudin, Aswandikari, Ahmad Sirulhaq, Burhanudin, Johan Mahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Eco-Pesantren Program Shaping Islamic Character and Environmental Awareness
General Background: Environmental degradation has increasingly positioned education and religious institutions as strategic arenas for cultivating ecological responsibility. Specific Background: Islamic boarding schools hold distinctive potential to integrate Islamic teachings with daily environmental practices, particularly within child-friendly pesantren contexts. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies tend to address environmental education in pesantren partially, without simultaneously integrating eco-pesantren programs, Islamic character formation, and child-friendly educational principles. Aims: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Eco-Pesantren program in forming Islamic character and environmental awareness among students at the child-friendly At-Tahdzib Islamic Boarding School in Jombang. Results: Using a qualitative case study approach through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, the findings show that integrating Islamic values with environmental conservation activities—such as Green Friday programs, automatic water faucets, tree planting, 3R-based waste management, and energy conservation—contributes to observable changes in students’ ecological behavior and character, including reduced ablution water use, decreased electricity consumption, increased waste sorting consistency, reduced plastic waste, and improved understanding of environmental jurisprudence. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its holistic integration of eco-pesantren practices, Islamic character education, and child-friendly pesantren principles within a contextual Islamic education model. Implications: These findings provide empirical and conceptual contributions for developing sustainable Islamic education models that align spiritual values with environmental responsibility. Highlights • Integration of Islamic values with daily environmental practices within pesantren life • Observable behavioral changes in water use, energy conservation, and waste management • Holistic Islamic education model aligned with child-friendly pesantren principles Keywords Eco-Pesantren; Islamic Education; Islamic Character; Environmental Awareness; Child-Friendly Pesantren
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Ilmiyah Al Makrufah, Sirojuddin Abror https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teacher Creativity In Audio Visual Media Use And Natural And Social Sciences Learning Outcomes
General Background: Elementary IPAS learning requires instructional approaches that foster active student engagement and meaningful understanding, yet classroom practices frequently remain teacher-centered. Specific Background: The use of audio visual learning media aligned with student characteristics has been identified as a strategic approach when supported by teacher creativity in instructional design and classroom implementation. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive use of audio visual media in primary education, empirical examination of teacher creativity in utilizing such media and its statistical association with IPAS learning outcomes remains limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze the relationship between teacher creativity in audio visual media utilization and student learning outcomes in fourth-grade IPAS instruction. Results: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design involving 30 students demonstrated a significant increase in mean scores from 54.50 to 83.37, with a moderate N-Gain value of 0.63. Paired sample t-test results indicated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Correlation and linear regression analyses revealed a strong association (r = 0.783), with teacher creativity accounting for 61.3% of variance in learning outcomes. Novelty: This study provides empirical measurement of teacher creativity dimensions—critical thinking, alternative thinking, auditory, and visualization—in the context of audio visual media utilization in primary IPAS learning. Implications: The findings underline the importance of systematically developing teacher creativity in designing and managing audio visual learning media to support improved instructional quality in elementary IPAS education. Highlights • Significant score progression observed between pretest and posttest IPAS assessment • Teacher creativity dimensions show strong statistical association with student achievement • Visualization dimension demonstrates the highest contribution among creativity components Keywords Teacher Creativity; Audio Visual Learning Media; IPAS Learning Outcomes; Elementary Education; Quasi Experimental Study
Copyright (c) 2026 Pipit Pitriah Ulfah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Smartphone Use, Learner Autonomy, and Social Context in Student Creative Thinking
*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="request-WEB:4ff228c0-6437-4de8-a3fc-3db10d63a3b2-3" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> General Background: Creative thinking is a core competence in twenty-first-century education, particularly for lower secondary students navigating intensive digital learning environments. Specific Background: The widespread integration of smartphones in Cambridge-curriculum schools positions digital technology, learner autonomy, parental control, and social context as interrelated factors in students’ creative development. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence remains limited regarding how these factors are structurally related and how social context operates as a moderator within digitally mediated learning settings. Aims: This study aims to examine the relationships between smartphone use, parental control, and learner autonomy on students’ creative thinking skills, as well as the moderating role of the social environment. Results: Using an ex-post facto quantitative design and PLS-SEM analysis of data from 67 lower secondary students, the findings show that smartphone use and learner autonomy are positively associated with creative thinking, while parental control shows no significant relationship. The social environment does not moderate the relationships involving smartphone use or parental control, but it negatively moderates the relationship between learner autonomy and creative thinking. Novelty: The study reveals the selective moderating function of the social environment, demonstrating that strong social support may reduce the expression of creativity driven by learner autonomy. Implications: These findings underscore the need for balanced educational strategies that integrate digital technology, self-regulated learning, and calibrated social support to foster creative thinking in secondary education contexts. Highlights • Smartphone use is positively associated with students’ creative thinking skills • Learner autonomy shows a significant positive relationship with creative thinking • Social environment weakens the autonomy–creativity relationship under strong support conditions Keywords Smartphone Use; Learner Autonomy; Creative Thinking Skills; Parental Control; Social Environment
Copyright (c) 2026 Yosep Fredi; I Made Tegeh, Ketut Agustini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mobile Legends Gameplay and Student Outcomes in Islamic Religious Education
General Background: Digital gaming has become an integral part of adolescent life, influencing various dimensions of their learning experiences. Specific Background: Mobile Legends, a popular multiplayer online battle arena game, is widely played by students, yet its relationship with Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning outcomes remains underexamined. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies predominantly address general academic performance, leaving a gap regarding how gaming behavior interacts specifically with PAI learning. Aims: This study examines the influence of Mobile Legends playing intensity on PAI learning outcomes among students at Sinar Husni Private High School. Results: Using a quantitative survey of 67 students and simple linear regression analysis, findings show a very weak positive but statistically insignificant correlation (R = 0.171; R² = 0.029; p = 0.166), indicating that gaming activity does not directly predict PAI academic performance. Novelty: Unlike earlier research emphasizing negative academic effects, this study highlights the potential indirect benefits of gaming—such as teamwork, decision-making, and emotional regulation—within the context of religious education. Implications: The findings suggest that regulated gaming need not be viewed strictly as detrimental; instead, educators may leverage its constructive elements to support character development and design more engaging PAI learning strategies. Highlights: Mobile Legends shows a very weak and non-significant influence on PAI learning outcomes. Gaming may offer indirect benefits such as teamwork, decision-making, and emotional regulation. PAI teachers can integrate positive gaming elements to support character-based learning. Keywords: Mobile Legends, Islamic Religious Education, Learning Outcomes, Digital Games, Student Behavior
Copyright (c) 2025 Alde Rizky Pratama Siregar, Miswar Miswar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Swimming as an Alternative Treatment for Various Health Conditions
Background Swimming is widely practiced as a physical activity and has been associated with diverse health-related benefits due to its low mechanical load and full-body movement characteristics. Specific background In recent years, swimming has also been positioned as an alternative treatment option for individuals experiencing various health conditions requiring recovery and rehabilitation. Knowledge gap Nevertheless, prior studies predominantly discuss physical or mental aspects separately, resulting in limited synthesis of swimming as an integrated treatment approach. Aims This study aims to examine swimming as an alternative treatment for various health conditions through a comprehensive literature review encompassing physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Results The findings indicate that swimming supports muscular function, cardiovascular and respiratory capacity, stress regulation, and psychosocial well-being, while remaining adaptable for conditions such as joint disorders, neurological disturbances, asthma, and scoliosis. Novelty This study offers an integrated treatment-oriented perspective that consolidates physical and mental recovery within a single analytical framework. Implications The results support the inclusion of swimming as a structured alternative treatment within health and rehabilitation programs tailored to individual conditions. Highlights Swimming functions as an alternative treatment across multiple health conditions. Water-based movement allows safe adaptation for rehabilitation needs. Physical recovery and mental regulation are addressed simultaneously. Keywords Swimming Therapy, Alternative Treatment, Health Conditions, Hydrotherapy, Rehabilitation Exercise
Copyright (c) 2025 Karina Permata Andhini, Supriyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lira Money Game for Strengthening Students’ Procedure Text Writing Skills
General Background: Writing procedural texts remains a challenge for elementary students, particularly in organizing steps, using effective language, and maintaining coherence. Specific Background: Integrating local wisdom through ethnopedagogical, game-based learning is viewed as a promising approach to enhance contextual and engaging writing experiences. Knowledge Gap: However, limited research has explored how local culture–based educational games combined with the Tri-N approach (Niteni, Nirokke, Nambahi) can improve procedural writing skills in elementary school contexts. Aims: This study investigates the effectiveness of the “Uang Lira” (Ular Tangga Literasi dan Kearifan Lokal) game in improving Grade V students’ procedural text writing skills. Results: Using a qualitative descriptive design involving observation, interviews, and document analysis, the findings show notable improvement, with students’ average writing scores rising from 68.5 to 85.3. Students demonstrated better procedural structuring, clearer language use, and enriched cultural integration within their texts. Novelty: The study offers a culturally grounded game-based writing model that operationalizes the Tri-N framework to simultaneously develop literacy and cultural appreciation. Implications: These results suggest that culturally integrated educational games can serve as effective, contextually meaningful tools for enhancing procedural writing skills while fostering students’ connection to local traditions. Highlights: Highlights the effectiveness of the “Uang Lira” game in improving students’ procedural writing skills. Emphasizes the role of the Tri-N approach in strengthening observation, imitation, and development stages. Shows how integrating local culture enhances student engagement and contextual learning. Keywords: Procedure Text, Ethnopedagogy, Tri-n Approach, Educational Game, Writing Skills
Copyright (c) 2025 Afri Liyana Estri Sari Wulan, Siti Rochmiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rasch Model Validation of Critical Thinking Assessment in Elementary Education
General Background: The digital era requires elementary school students to possess critical thinking as a foundational character to evaluate information and make reasoned decisions within learning processes. Specific Background: Project-based learning integrated with STEAM has been positioned as a relevant pedagogical context for fostering critical thinking, yet systematic assessment remains challenging at the elementary level. Knowledge Gap: Existing assessment instruments are predominantly conventional and lack robust psychometric validation to comprehensively measure critical thinking characteristics in STEAM-oriented project learning. Aims: This study aims to validate a critical thinking character assessment instrument for elementary school students using Rasch Model analysis within project-based STEAM learning in the digital era. Results: From 29 developed items, 20 items met Rasch validity criteria, with person reliability of 0.82, item reliability of 0.98, and a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.81, indicating strong internal consistency and effective differentiation of student ability levels. Novelty: This study presents a psychometrically validated instrument specifically designed to assess critical thinking character in elementary school students through STEAM-based project learning using Rasch Model analysis. Implications: The validated instrument provides teachers with an objective and systematic assessment tool to monitor and develop students’ critical thinking character in alignment with the demands of digital-era elementary education. Highlights • The instrument demonstrated high person and item reliability through Rasch analysis • Valid items represented five dimensions of critical thinking character • Assessment results supported objective differentiation of student ability levels Keywords Critical Thinking; Rasch Model; Project Based Learning; STEAM Education; Elementary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Rika Purnamasari, Bunyamin Maftuh, Mupid Hidayat, Warlim Warlim, Asep Dahliyana, Yadi Ruyadi, Encep Syarif Nurdin, Nurul Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of YOLOv8n, YOLOv10n, and YOLOv11n for Early Detection of Seizures in Infants
Background: Infant epilepsy is a serious neurological condition that is difficult to recognize visually because seizure manifestations often resemble normal infant reflexes. Specific background: Advances in computer vision and deep learning have enabled image-based seizure detection as a non-invasive approach for early identification in infants. Knowledge gap: Comparative evaluations of different YOLO model generations under identical experimental settings for infant seizure detection remain limited. Aims: This study evaluates and compares the performance of YOLOv8n, YOLOv10n, and YOLOv11n in detecting seizure activity from infant image data. Results: Using a dataset of 645 images across seizure and neutral classes, YOLOv11n achieved the highest precision, recall, and mean average precision at stricter localization thresholds, while YOLOv10n demonstrated the fastest inference time. Novelty: This study provides a systematic cross-generation evaluation of YOLO nano variants for infant seizure detection using uniform training parameters. Implications: The findings support informed selection of YOLO architectures for non-invasive, image-based early seizure detection systems in clinical and real-time monitoring contexts. Highlights • YOLOv11n shows the most stable detection performance for infant seizure images • YOLOv10n achieves the fastest inference time under identical training settings • Cross-version evaluation reveals clear trade-offs between detection stability and processing speed Keywords YOLO, Epilepsy, Computer Vision, Object Detection, Infant Seizure Detection
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Zulfiqar Rafi, Muis Muhtadi, Nofri Ramadan, Rinakit Estu Waluyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cloud-Based Digital Invoice Automation Improves Accuracy and Efficiency for Small and Medium Enterprises
Manual invoice management in SMEs often leads to delays, recording errors, and difficulty tracking documents. CV Mata Timur Nusantara still uses spreadsheets without a centralized system, making the administration process less efficient. This study developed a cloud-based digital invoice automation system to improve transaction accuracy and efficiency. The development method used the Waterfall model, including analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The system was designed using Laravel, React, and n8n workflow automation integration to automatically create and send PDF invoices through various communication channels. Test results showed that this solution was able to accelerate processes, reduce recording errors, and improve the consistency of document distribution. These findings prove that cloud-based automation is effective in SMEs to support faster and more accurate administration processes. Highlights • Accelerates invoice processing and distribution for SMEs • Reduces manual recording errors through automated workflow • Improves consistency and reliability of document delivery Keywords Digital Inovice; Workflow Automation; Cloud Computing; Information System; Application Integration
Copyright (c) 2025 Ryan Dwi Wicaksono, Dila Umnia Soraya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Polynomial Regression Budget Prediction for Minahasa Fire Department
General Background: Public sector budget planning requires data-driven approaches to support service sustainability, particularly for emergency institutions such as regional fire departments. Specific Background: The Minahasa Regency Fire Department budget planning has relied on historical allocations that exhibit fluctuating and non-linear trends across expenditure categories. Knowledge Gap: Previous planning practices have not fully utilized non-linear statistical modeling to interpret historical budget dynamics and medium-term projections. Aims: This study aims to analyze historical budget trends and predict expenditure needs for the 2025–2027 period using a second-order polynomial regression model. Results: Using budget data from 2019–2024, the model successfully captured non-linear expenditure patterns, including a sharp increase in personnel and capital expenditures in 2024, with coefficients of determination of 0.448 for personnel expenditures and 0.409 for capital expenditures, while total projected expenditures approach IDR six billion by 2027. Novelty: This research integrates second-order polynomial regression with an interactive Streamlit-based application for visualizing and interpreting public sector budget projections. Implications: The findings provide an analytical basis for local governments to anticipate medium-term budget requirements, prioritize expenditures, and strengthen data-based financial planning for fire service operations. Highlights • Second-order polynomial modeling captures non-linear expenditure patterns across budget categories • Historical personnel expenditure spikes shape medium-term fiscal projections • Streamlit-based visualization supports data-driven public budget planning Keywords Polynomial Regression; Budget Prediction; Fire Department; Historical Data; Streamlit Application
Copyright (c) 2026 Inggried Rillya Sondakh, Kristofel Santa, Efraim Ronald Stefanus Moningkey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genetic Algorithm-Based Web Scheduler Enhances Fairness in Duty Allocation
This study aims to design and build a website-based application for scheduling fire and rescue personnel on duty at the Minahasa Regency Fire Department by implementing genetic algorithms. The main problem encountered is the manual scheduling process, which causes imbalances in schedule distribution, delays in information, and difficulties in adjusting when personnel changes occur. The system was developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method thorugh the stages of needs identification, design, implementation, and testing. Genetic algorithms are used as an optimization mehod to produce a fair, efficient, and conflict free schedule. The system also provides a permit submission mechanism and automatic notifications to support officer communication and coordination. The results of User Acceptance Testing (UAT) showed an average score of 4.5 (versy good category), indicating that the system is easy to use and meets operational needs. Thus, this application contributes to improving the efficiency, accuracy, and transparency of the on-duty scheduling process at the Minahasa Regency Fire Department. HIGHLIGHTS • Ensures fair and conflict-free duty schedules using genetic algorithm optimization. • Improves communication and coordination with automated permit and notification features. • Achieves high usability with 4.5 UAT score, supporting operational readiness. KEYWORDS Genetic Algorithm; Scheduling System; Firefighters; Web-Based Application; Optimization
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahellea Joiby Onibala, Sondy Campvid Kumajas, Efraim Ronald Stefanus Moningkey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Priority Queue Algorithm Enhances Public Report Handling Efficiency and Accountability
The mechanism for handling public aspirations and reports in the Minahasa Regency Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) still faces inefficiency and low accountability due to the manual process. The conventional First-In-First-Out (FIFO) system is unable to differentiate the urgency of reports, resulting in delayed follow-up of critical reports. This study designs and implements a web based Public Information Portal (PIP) that integrates a priority queue algorithm to automatically sort reports based on their urgency. The development method used is the Waterfall method. Test reults sgow significant performance improvements, marked by a recuation in waiting time for high priority reports by more than 50% and increased accuracy of handling based on urgency levels. This system also strengthens public accountability thorugh a real time status tracking feature. By offering a technical solution not found in previous research—namely an automatic prioritization mechanism specifically for managing aspirations within the DPRD—this study fills a research gap and makes a significant contribution to improving service quality and fulfilling the mandate of the Public Information Disclosure Law. Highlights • Priority queue mechanism reduces waiting time for high-priority reports by over 50%. • Automatic urgency-based sorting improves accuracy and responsiveness in report handling. • Real-time status tracking increases public accountability and transparency. Keywords Public Information Portal; Priority Queue Algorithm; Regional People's Representative Council; E-Government Transparency; Public Service Efficiency
Copyright (c) 2025 Rivni Detuage, Kristofel Santa, Efraim R. S. Moningkey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Web Geographic Information System Mapping Fire Prone Areas Using Dijkstra Algorithm
General Background: Fire disasters pose serious risks to public safety, material assets, and environmental sustainability, requiring rapid access to accurate spatial information. Specific Background: In Minahasa Regency, fire-prone area mapping and fire-fighting resource records are still managed manually, limiting information dissemination and slowing emergency response. Knowledge Gap: Existing practices lack an integrated web-based GIS that combines spatial visualization with shortest route analysis for operational fire management. Aims: This study aims to design and develop an interactive web-based Geographic Information System to map fire-prone areas, fire station locations, and water sources while providing shortest route recommendations using the Dijkstra Algorithm. Results: The system was developed using the Waterfall model with PHP, MySQL, and Leaflet.js, and black box testing confirmed that spatial data management, interactive visualization, administrative boundary filtering, and shortest route calculations operated as intended. Novelty: The research introduces the integration of fire-prone area mapping, fire-fighting resource management, and Dijkstra-based route analysis supported by OSRM within a single web GIS platform for Minahasa Regency. Implications: The developed system supports faster spatial information access and decision-making in fire management by providing route and water source recommendations through an interactive GIS interface. Highlights • Manual fire mapping processes were replaced by a centralized web-based GIS platform • Shortest route calculations were generated through integrated Dijkstra and OSRM services • Spatial visualization supported administrative filtering and emergency decision support Keywords Geographic Information System; Fire Prone Areas; Dijkstra Algorithm; Spatial Mapping; Shortest Route
Copyright (c) 2026 Efraim R. S. Moningkey, Regina Gloria Ratu, Kristofel Santa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Purse Seine Fleet Optimization with E-Logbook Data in Gorontalo Fisheries
General Background Fisheries operations in Indonesia rely heavily on purse seine fleets whose performance determines regional marine resource utilization and post-harvest productivity. Specific Background At the Fish Landing Base (PPI Tenda) in Gorontalo City, mandatory e-logbook reporting provides real-time operational data enabling quantitative assessment of fleet productivity, seasonal variability, and technical capacity. Knowledge Gap However, this dataset has not been systematically applied to identify target production capacity (Ymax) or determine the optimal number of operational fleets to match infrastructural and biological limits. Aims This study evaluates e-logbook data from January–August 2025 to analyze productivity, estimate Ymax through linear regression, and apply Goal Programming to determine an optimal fleet configuration based on CPUE, gross tonnage productivity, and trip frequency tolerance. Results Findings show fluctuating productivity driven by fishing season dynamics, with efficiency reflected in CPUE ranging 0.587–0.860 and GT productivity increasing during peak months. Regression produced a performance model Y = −141.438 + 2.198X (p < 0.05) and estimated Ymax at 120–130 tons per hour with operative capacity of 110–120 tons per hour. Goal Programming modeling using 54 fleets indicates an optimal operational structure of 48 fleets to maintain production within target potential while reducing deviation from effort limits. Novelty This work provides the first integrated regression-based Ymax estimation combined with Goal Programming for purse seine fleet configuration decisions using verified e-logbook records from PPI Tenda. Implications Results offer evidence-based input for sustainable fisheries management, operational scheduling, and policy formulation to balance economic productivity with technical efficiency and resource sustainability in Gorontalo’s coastal fisheries system. Highlights Data-driven regression modeling identifies Ymax at 120–130 tons per hour. Goal Programming recommends 48 fleets as an optimal operational configuration. Seasonal shifts produce measurable fluctuations in CPUE and GT productivity. Keywords E-Logbook; Purse Seine Fleet; CPUE Productivity; Goal Programming Optimization; Gorontalo Fisheries
Copyright (c) 2025 Mega Deza Tahta Rahmawati, Aziz Salam, Alfi Sahri Remi Baruadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing a Supply Chain Management Application for Laying Hens with Integrated Egg Quality Detection Based on Computer Vision (Case Study of a Laying Hen MSME)
Manual egg grading and fragmented supply chain management in poultry SMEs often cause inconsistent egg quality decisions, inaccurate inventory records, and avoidable distribution losses. This study aims to develop and evaluate an integrated supply chain management system that embeds computer vision–based egg quality detection to improve real-time operational control and decision-making. The system is implemented as a digital SCM application connected to a convolutional neural network model trained on 1,200 labeled egg images across five quality categories (good, cracked, dirty, fertile, non-fertile), with performance assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and inference time, alongside before–after operational and economic measurements in an SME workflow. Results show the CNN achieves 92% validation accuracy with average precision 0.92, recall 0.94, F1-score 0.93, and 0.11 seconds per egg inference, enabling practical real-time classification. After integration, egg sorting accuracy increases from 75.5% to 90.2%, inspection time decreases by 81.3%, sorting capacity rises 5.3×, and inventory accuracy improves from 82% to 98%, reducing daily stock discrepancies by 85%. The novelty lies in tightly coupling computer vision quality outputs with SCM inventory and distribution modules, creating immediate stock updates and automated control points. The findings imply that AI-enabled digital supply chain management strengthens quality assurance, inventory optimization, and SME profitability, supporting scalable modernization of food supply chains through deployable computer vision systems. Highlights: Integrated computer vision raises egg sorting accuracy from 75.5% to 90.2%. Real-time CNN classification reaches 92% validation accuracy with 0.11 s inference. Digital SCM lifts inventory accuracy to 98% and delivers 193% ROI payback. Keywords: Computer Visio, Supply Chain Management, Egg Quality Detection, Convolutional Neural Network, Poultry SMEs, Inventory Optimization
Copyright (c) 2025 Lutfia Bamatraf, Rahmad Akbar, Zumardi Rahman, Belia Afifah, Nurkholis Nurkholis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Automatic Classification of Artificial Intelligence Generated Question Difficulty Levels
General Background: Determining question difficulty is a fundamental requirement in educational assessment to support valid evaluation and systematic question curation. Specific Background: The increasing use of artificial intelligence for automatic question generation produces large volumes of linguistically diverse items, making manual difficulty labeling time-consuming and subjective. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive research on text-based difficulty prediction, lightweight and reproducible pipelines for multi-level difficulty classification of AI-generated questions remain limited. Aims: This study aims to develop and evaluate an automatic classification pipeline for three difficulty levels of AI-generated multiple-choice questions using TF-IDF text representation and a Random Forest classifier. Results: The proposed pipeline achieved a test accuracy of 70.98%, exceeding the random guessing baseline, with the highest F1-score observed in the easy class (78.45%) and the lowest in the medium class (65.32%), indicating greater ambiguity in intermediate difficulty questions. Novelty: This study presents a reproducible and interpretable classification workflow specifically applied to expert-labeled AI-generated questions with high inter-rater reliability. Implications: The findings support the use of lexical feature–based classification as an initial pre-curation and difficulty filtering tool in AI-assisted educational assessment systems. Highlights • The classification pipeline distinguishes three difficulty levels using only textual features • Medium difficulty questions exhibit the highest classification ambiguity • Lexical patterns contribute consistently to difficulty level separation Keywords Question Difficulty Classification; AI Generated Questions; TF-IDF Representation; Random Forest Classifier; Educational Assessment
Copyright (c) 2026 Vina Najahah, Utomo Pujianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Generative Artificial Intelligence Label Reliability in Programming Assessment
General Background: The integration of Generative AI in educational assessment enables rapid construction of large-scale question banks, particularly in programming education, yet raises concerns regarding content validity. Specific Background: In algorithm and programming domains, Generative AI models frequently assign Higher Order Thinking Skills and Lower Order Thinking Skills labels automatically, creating potential discrepancies with Bloom’s Taxonomy classifications. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence validating the reliability of AI-generated cognitive labels and comparing statistical and transformer-based classification methods on small, domain-specific Indonesian datasets remains limited. Aims: This study aims to audit the reliability of cognitive labels generated by the Gemini model through expert validation and to compare TF-IDF–SVM and IndoBERT–SVM classifiers under class-imbalanced conditions. Results: Expert validation revealed substantial mislabeling, with a claimed balanced dataset becoming skewed toward LOTS. Classification experiments using five-fold cross-validation showed that TF-IDF–SVM achieved a slightly higher macro F1-score than IndoBERT–SVM. Novelty: The study demonstrates that simple lexical representations with stemming can outperform transformer-based embeddings when data are limited and domain-specific. Implications: These findings emphasize the necessity of human validation in AI-generated assessments and support the use of lightweight statistical text classification for automated cognitive level evaluation in constrained educational contexts. Highlights • Generative AI cognitive labels showed substantial inconsistency after expert validation • Lexical feature representation yielded higher macro-level classification balance • Human-in-the-loop validation remained essential for programming assessment datasets Keywords HOTS; LOTS; Generative AI; Text Classification; TF-IDF
Copyright (c) 2026 Raissa Araminta Khairunnisa, Utomo Pujianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Web-Based Priority Program Recommendation Using Collaborative Filtering
General Background: Recess activities of regional legislative members function as a formal mechanism for collecting diverse public aspirations related to regional development programs. Specific Background: In Minahasa Regency, the determination of priority programs derived from recess activities has traditionally relied on manual procedures that are prone to subjectivity and inconsistency. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive studies on collaborative filtering in various domains, its application for managing and prioritizing legislative recess programs within local government contexts remains limited. Aims: This study aims to design and implement a web-based priority program recommendation system for DPRD recess activities using an Item-Based Collaborative Filtering algorithm. Results: The system was developed using the Waterfall method and implemented with PHP and MySQL, incorporating modules for aspiration management, rating, authentication, and recommendation generation. Black box testing across core functionalities confirmed that the system operated according to specifications and supported structured priority ranking of programs. Novelty: The research introduces the application of Item-Based Collaborative Filtering to DPRD recess aspiration management, replacing a previously manual and subjective process. Implications: The proposed system provides a structured, transparent, and data-driven approach to supporting legislative decision-making in prioritizing public programs at the regional level. Highlights • The developed system organizes recess aspirations into measurable program priorities • Item-based recommendation logic supports consistent ranking of proposed programs • Web-based architecture enables structured management of legislative aspiration data Keywords Collaborative Filtering; Recommendation System; DPRD Recess; Priority Program; Web-Based Application
Copyright (c) 2026 Luisa Maria Pesik, Medi Hermanto Tinambunan, Kristofel Santa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison Of Random Forest and Neural Network for Portable Executable Malware Classification
General Background: The rapid growth of information technology has increased the complexity of cyber threats, with malware attacks posing significant risks to computer systems, particularly those based on the Windows operating system. Specific Background: Portable Executable files contain structured statistical attributes that can be utilized to distinguish malware from benign software using machine learning techniques. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive use of machine learning in malware detection, comparative evidence using identical Portable Executable statistical features and consistent evaluation settings remains limited. Aims: This study aims to compare the classification performance of Random Forest and Neural Network models in malware detection based on Portable Executable statistical features. Results: Using the ClaMP Integrated Dataset comprising 5,184 samples and 70 static features, Random Forest achieved an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 99.14%, while the Neural Network obtained consistent scores of 98.18% across all evaluation metrics. Novelty: This research presents a direct and controlled comparison of ensemble and neural-based classifiers using identical preprocessing pipelines, default model configurations, and balanced Portable Executable datasets. Implications: The findings demonstrate that ensemble-based approaches provide stable and reliable performance for Portable Executable malware classification and offer a practical foundation for automated machine learning–based cybersecurity systems. Highlights • Random Forest Achieved The Highest Classification Scores Across All Metrics • Portable Executable Statistical Features Provided Clear Malware Separation • Ensemble Learning Demonstrated Strong Stability On Structured PE Data Keywords Malware Detection; Portable Executable; Random Forest; Neural Network; Machine Learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Nugroho, Chaerul Umam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Asynchronous Fetching and Periodic Polling for Web-Based Staffing Dashboards
General Background: Timely information flow is a critical requirement in public administrative systems, particularly in environments with limited server infrastructure. Specific Background: At the Agricultural Modernization Implementation Center of North Sulawesi, manual staffing administration processes have caused high information latency and scheduling conflicts, motivating the adoption of a web-based staffing dashboard. Knowledge Gap: Fully real-time architectures are often resource-intensive and unsuitable for local government infrastructures, while alternative lightweight synchronization strategies remain underexplored in this context. Aims: This study aims to implement and evaluate the integration of Asynchronous Data Fetching and Client-Side Periodic Polling algorithms within a web-based staffing dashboard developed using the Rapid Application Development method. Results: Performance evaluation using Google Lighthouse recorded a Total Blocking Time of 160 ms, indicating minimal main-thread disruption, while comparative analysis showed a 99.5% reduction in information latency compared to manual procedures. Novelty: The study demonstrates a practical combination of asynchronous data loading and periodic polling as a stable and lightweight solution for administrative dashboards under server constraints. Implications: The findings indicate that government institutions with limited infrastructure can adopt similar client-side optimization strategies to achieve responsive and stable web-based administrative services without increasing server capacity. Highlights • The dashboard architecture minimizes browser main-thread workload through parallel asynchronous data loading • Periodic polling at a 15-second interval maintains stable notification synchronization under limited server resources • Administrative information latency is substantially reduced compared to conventional manual workflows Keywords Asynchronous Data Fetching; Periodic Polling; Web-Based Staffing Dashboard; Information Latency; Public Administration Systems
Copyright (c) 2026 Parabelem Tino Dolf Rompas, Samuel Saroinsong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hyperparameter Optimization of Light Gradient Boosting Machine for Microcirculation Detection Wearable Data
General Background: Microcirculation disorders represent an early marker of chronic health conditions, yet existing detection approaches predominantly rely on invasive and resource-intensive procedures. Specific Background: Recent advances in wearable technology enable noninvasive microcirculation monitoring through Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Fluorescence Spectroscopy signals, which generate complex, nonstationary, and high-dimensional data that challenge conventional analytical methods. Knowledge Gap: Despite the proven capability of Light Gradient Boosting Machine models for wearable physiological data, limited studies have systematically combined feature selection, Bayesian hyperparameter optimization, and cohort-based validation for microcirculation condition detection using LDF-FS data. Aims: This study aims to optimize LightGBM performance for microcirculation condition detection by integrating feature importance–based selection and Bayesian hyperparameter tuning within a Stratified Group K-Fold validation framework. Results: Feature dimensionality was reduced from 34 to 22 informative variables, resulting in improved classification performance, with the optimized model achieving a ROC-AUC of 0.8632, accuracy of 88.04%, and recall of 80.00%. SHAP-based analysis identified age, body mass index, and skin temperature as dominant physiological predictors. Novelty: The study presents an integrated optimization pipeline combining feature selection, Bayesian optimization, and subject-level validation on wearable LDF-FS data. Implications: The findings support the potential of optimized LightGBM models as interpretable and reliable components of noninvasive wearable-based microcirculation monitoring systems. Highlights • Feature selection reduced dimensionality while maintaining robust classification performance • Bayesian optimization improved sensitivity in detecting microcirculation conditions • SHAP analysis revealed dominant demographic and physiological predictors Keywords Bayesian Optimization; Microcirculation Detection; Feature Selection; LightGBM; Wearable LDF-FS
Copyright (c) 2026 Tatya Hanum Pramudita, M. Zainal Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BM25 Algorithm for Improving Academic Website Search Accuracy
General Background: The increasing volume of digital information in academic environments requires search systems that can deliver accurate and relevant results. Specific Background: The Faculty of Engineering UNIMA website still relies on simple keyword matching, which often produces irrelevant outputs and reduces the effectiveness of information access. Knowledge Gap: Although the BM25 algorithm is widely recognized for its superior relevance scoring in information retrieval, its application in faculty-level academic portals remains limited. Aims: This study aims to implement the BM25 algorithm using Meilisearch integrated with Laravel and Filament to improve search relevance, speed, and data management efficiency. Results: The implemented system successfully ranks the most relevant documents at the top with response times measured in milliseconds, and automatic index synchronization ensures consistent and up-to-date search results. Novelty: This research presents one of the first BM25-based search implementations within an Indonesian faculty website, integrating Laravel, Meilisearch, and Filament into a cohesive architecture. Implications: The findings show that BM25 significantly enhances the quality of search services and user experience, providing a scalable model for academic institutions seeking effective information retrieval solutions. Highlights: Enhances search relevance and speed on a faculty academic website using BM25. Integrates Laravel, Meilisearch, and Filament into a unified, easy-to-manage system. Offers a scalable model for improving information access in higher education portals. Keywords: BM25, Information Retrieval, Meilisearch, Laravel, Academic Website
Copyright (c) 2025 Glenn David Paulus Maramis, Marthasya Chantika Putri Ranti, Kristofel Santa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Web-Based Modernized Information System for Catfish Supply Chain Management in Village-Owned Enterprises
General Background: Information systems play an essential role in processing data into useful information for decision-making and improving work efficiency. In the business sector, these systems are not only used for recording but also serve as strategic tools for managing resources, designing distribution, and strengthening coordination among business actors. Knowledge Gap: However, in the fisheries sector, particularly in catfish farming in Kampar Regency, there are still challenges such as limited price information, dependence on middlemen, and inefficient distribution. These issues reduce farmers’ profits and limit consumer access to fresh products at reasonable prices. Aims: The development of a web-based Supply Chain Management (SCM) information system aims to facilitate distribution processes, support online transactions, and provide accurate data regarding production, pricing, and market demand. Result:Based on the results of the User Acceptance Test (UAT) conducted with 20 respondents and 10 evaluation questions, user acceptance of the system was very positive, with average scores ranging between 80–95 percent and an overall satisfaction rate above 85 percent. Novelty: This research integrates SCM principles into a web-based system specifically designed for rural-scale catfish supply chains, enabling direct interaction among farmers, BUMDes, and consumers in a single digital platform. Implication: The developed system is feasible to implement and has the potential to support BUMDes Koto Masjid in expanding market access, improving farmer welfare, and strengthening national food security. Highlights: Developed a web-based SCM system integrating farmers, BUMDes, and consumers in the catfish supply chain. Achieved over 85% user satisfaction based on UAT results from 20 respondents. Improved distribution efficiency, market access, and strengthened local food security. Keywords: Information System, Supply Chain Management, Catfish Farming
Copyright (c) 2025 Fina Nasari, Nina Veronika, Nur Asma Deli, Rahmad Akbar, Indra Habibie, Mahdiawan Nurkholifah, Suci Fitri Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Performance of Retrieval Augmented Generation Tourism Chatbots
*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="request-WEB:27919a62-42bf-4380-98be-f7a9b512fe37-1" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> General Background: The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence in smart tourism has increased the use of contextual chatbots to deliver destination information efficiently. Specific Background: However, tourism chatbots based on Large Language Models frequently encounter information hallucination, reducing reliability when handling dynamic and local tourism data. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies mainly focus on rule-based or single-model chatbot implementations and provide limited comparative evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation configurations combining embedding models and Large Language Models. Aims: This study aims to comparatively evaluate multiple Retrieval Augmented Generation configurations to identify the most suitable combination for contextual tourism chatbots and to analyze differences between large multilingual and small monolingual embedding models using a local tourism dataset. Results: Experimental evaluation using data from 49 tourist destinations in Banyumas Regency shows that the Multilingual-E5-Large embedding model consistently achieves perfect Precision, Recall, and F1-Score across all tested Large Language Models. The combination of Multilingual-E5-Large and GPT-4.1-Mini demonstrates the most balanced performance, achieving a BERTScore F1 of 0.7515 with an average response time of 1.555 seconds. Novelty: This research provides a systematic comparative assessment of embedding capacity and Large Language Model selection within a unified Retrieval Augmented Generation framework for tourism chatbots. Implications: The findings offer practical guidance for selecting model configurations that ensure accurate retrieval, high-quality responses, and efficient system performance in contextual tourism information services. Highlights • Multilingual embedding models deliver consistently higher retrieval accuracy across all tested configurations • GPT-4.1-Mini produces the most balanced generative quality and response latency • Embedding model selection plays a more decisive role than language model variation Keywords Retrieval Augmented Generation; Tourism Chatbot; Large Language Model; Embedding Model; Comparative Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2026 Amar Al Farizi, Primandani Arsi, Pungkas Subarkah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genetic Algorithm Driven Route Innovation for Minimizing Gym Dumbbell Distribution Distance and Cost
General Background: Efficient distribution planning is essential to ensure timely delivery with reasonable operational costs. Specific Background: PT. ABC distributes gym equipment, with dumbbells as a high-demand product, yet its current route planning is not optimal, leading to longer travel time and higher distribution costs using pick-up trucks. Knowledge Gap: Prior route optimization approaches in similar contexts often emphasize distance reduction without explicitly incorporating vehicle load capacity, reducing realism for heavy-goods delivery. Aims: This study aims to determine an optimal capacitated distribution route for gym dumbbell deliveries at PT. ABC using a Genetic Algorithm within a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) framework to minimize total travel distance and distribution cost. Results: The proposed Genetic Algorithm solution produced four delivery routes totaling 174 km compared with the company’s 253.3 km, reducing distance by 79.3 km (31.3%) and lowering total distribution cost from IDR 313,300 to IDR 234,000, a reduction of IDR 79,300 (25.3%). Novelty: Vehicle load capacity is treated as an additional decision variable, making the optimized routes more representative of actual dumbbell distribution conditions. Implications: The findings support managerial decision-making for route planning, operational cost control, and transport fleet productivity, and demonstrate the suitability of Genetic Algorithms for CVRP-based distribution route optimization with realistic capacity considerations. Highlights: Total travel distance decreased by 79.3 km with 31.3% savings versus the existing routing approach. Total delivery expenditure declined by IDR 79,300, equivalent to 25.3% cost savings. Capacity-constrained routing produced four feasible delivery routes aligned with pick-up load limits. Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Distribution Costs, Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem, Optimal Route
Copyright (c) 2026 Rafi Aryadinata, Enny Aryanny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Theory of Constraint and Drum Buffer Rope Increase Shoe Production Throughput
General Background: Production systems frequently experience capacity imbalances that disrupt material flow and reduce throughput, particularly in small- and medium-scale manufacturing environments. Specific Background: UD Anugrah, a footwear manufacturer specializing in children’s shoes, faces recurring work-in-progress accumulation caused by unequal capacities among production workstations. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have widely applied the Theory of Constraints, yet empirical applications integrating Drum-Buffer-Rope scheduling within the footwear manufacturing sector remain limited. Aims: This study aims to optimize production capacity at UD Anugrah by applying the Theory of Constraints integrated with the Drum-Buffer-Rope concept to identify, manage, and resolve system bottlenecks. Results: Sewing and Injection workstations were identified as primary constraints; optimization through linear programming, flow synchronization, and selective capacity elevation increased monthly throughput from IDR 88,166,810 to IDR 91,707,000, representing a 3.86% increase, while financial analysis yielded a positive Net Present Value of IDR 61,881,704 and a Payback Period of 3.41 years. Novelty: This research presents an integrated TOC–DBR application within a shoe manufacturing context, supported by quantitative throughput and investment feasibility analysis. Implications: The findings demonstrate that structured constraint management and DBR-based flow control provide a practical framework for improving production performance and investment decision-making in small- and medium-scale manufacturing enterprises. Highlights: Sewing and Injection stations were consistently identified as system constraints across multiple production periods. Linear programming supported optimal product mix allocation under limited workstation capacity. Financial evaluation confirmed that selective machine addition was economically feasible within the system lifespan. Keywords : Theory of Constraints, Drum Buffer Rope, Production Capacity, Shoe Manufacturing, Bottleneck Analysis
Copyright (c) 2026 Dea Rahmawati, Rr. Rochmoeljati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Service Time Waste Using Lean Healthcare Method in the Neurology Outpatient Clinic
General Background: Healthcare organizations must reduce non–value-added (NVA) activities to improve patient experience and resource efficiency; Specific Background: the neurology outpatient clinic of Hospital XYZ experiences prolonged service cycles; Knowledge Gap: evidence is limited on combining end-to-end process mapping with structured risk prioritization to target time waste in outpatient pathways; Aims: this study identified dominant wastes and designed improvements using Lean Healthcare tools (Big Picture Mapping) and FMEA; Results: the baseline total service time was 9,158 s (2.54 h) with value-added time 837 s (9.14%) and NVA 89.99%, while the proposed future state reduced NVA time to 5,038 s (1.40 h) and increased value-added time to 16.61%; Novelty: the work integrates BPM-derived waste quantification with FMEA-based prioritization to translate waste diagnosis into actionable redesign; Implications: implementing streamlined registration (including online access), standard work, and routine facility maintenance can shorten outpatient lead time and support continuous quality improvement. Highlights: Baseline pathway shows very high NVA time (89.99%) versus value-added time (9.14%). Proposed future state cuts NVA time to 5,038 s (1.40 h) and raises value-added time to 16.61%. BPM + FMEA provides a practical workflow to quantify waste and prioritize fixes. Keywords: Lean Healthcare, Big Picture Mapping, FMEA, Outpatient Clinic, Service Time Waste
Copyright (c) 2025 Lavina Felda Fauzia, Enny Aryanny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Failure Risk Analysis of Storage Tank Using the Risk-Based Inspection Method in a Biofuel Supply Company
Background (General) Storage tanks play a critical role in ensuring the continuity and safety of biodiesel distribution, where structural integrity is essential to prevent environmental, operational, and safety hazards. Background (Specific) At PT XYZ, recurring issues such as corrosion and leakage indicate limitations in the current time-based inspection approach. Knowledge Gap Previous studies applied RBI or AHP separately, but few integrated technical risk data with multi-criteria decision-making to produce an inspection and maintenance strategy that is both objective and operationally relevant. Aim This study aims to assess the risk level of a biodiesel storage tank using an integrated Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to determine optimal inspection intervals and maintenance priorities. Results The analysis shows that critical subsystems—Storage Tank, Piping, Automatic Gauge Tank, PRV, and PVV—fall into high and extreme risk categories, with the overall tank risk classified as medium; corrosion analysis indicates remaining life values between 51–107 years, leading to a recommended inspection interval of four years instead of five. Novelty This study offers a combined RBI–AHP framework that aligns quantitative risk factors with managerial decision priorities. Implications The findings support more precise, risk-informed maintenance planning to enhance safety, reliability, and operational continuity in biodiesel storage operations. Highlights: Identifies high-risk subsystems requiring prioritized inspection. Integrates RBI–AHP to produce objective maintenance decisions. Recommends shorter inspection intervals to enhance operational safety. Keywords: Risk-Based Inspection, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Storage Tank, Corrosion, Maintenance Strategy
Copyright (c) 2025 Mukandar Idris, Enny Aryanny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Application of Management Information Systems in Improving Application-Based Work Effectiveness
General Background: The development of digital technology requires companies to optimize their work systems through digitalization, including in the management of human resources administration. Specific Background: Before the arrival of the My Japfa application, attendance, leave, and official leave processes were still carried out manually, which often took a long time and was prone to recording errors. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have focused on management information systems in the education and public sectors, while studies in the agribusiness sector are still limited, particularly regarding the implementation of internal applications integrated with employees' daily activities. Aim: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the My Japfa application at PT J Gedangan Unit and assess its impact on employee work effectiveness and the role of the HR department. Results: Interviews, observations, and documentation show that this application speeds up attendance, leave, and permit processes, increases transparency, and reduces manual administrative burdens. Employee work effectiveness has increased because attendance waiting times have been reduced and data is recorded more accurately. However, obstacles such as unstable internet connections and the adaptation of senior employees remain challenges. Novelty: This study shows how the digitization of administration in the agribusiness sector can transform the role of HR from administrative to strategic, a perspective that has rarely been raised in previous studies. Implications: These findings show that the implementation of internal digital applications not only improves efficiency but also builds a more transparent and adaptive work culture. This can be a reference for other companies in adopting similar systems. Highlights: The My Japfa application improves HR administrative efficiency and employee work effectiveness. The main obstacles include the digital literacy of senior employees and network stability. Digitalization provides opportunities for HR to become more strategic. Keywords : Management Information System, Work Effectiveness, Application
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Abdul Mujib, Yanda Bara Kusuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design Thinking for Continuous Improvement in Applied Engineering Courses
General Background: Higher education learning systems require continuous improvement to ensure learning quality, student participation, and satisfactory academic outcomes. Specific Background: In an applied engineering course at a higher education institution in West Java, student attendance averaged 74.45 percent per meeting and was associated with incomplete learning experiences and repeat rates. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies predominantly evaluated learning methods or attendance outcomes without systematically designing learning innovations grounded in student needs and experiential data. Aims: This study aims to apply design thinking as a structured framework to identify attendance-related barriers and enablers and to formulate learning system innovations in an applied engineering course. Results: Findings indicate strong student preferences for offline lectures and simulation-based learning, while attendance is primarily enabled by interesting lecture materials and constrained by work obligations. Significant relationships were identified between age and selected learning formats, as well as between gender and specific assessment types. Incremental innovations such as flipped classrooms and guest lectures, alongside radical innovations including experiential learning and AI-based learning platforms, were formulated through the ideate phase. Novelty: This study frames student attendance and learning quality as a design challenge and empirically integrates attendance data, student preferences, and structured innovation using design thinking. Implications: The results provide a data-driven framework for lecturers and academic managers to redesign applied engineering learning systems through continuous improvement grounded in participation behavior and student-centered innovation. Highlights • Student attendance reflects learning system configuration. • Design thinking structures learning innovation based on empirical data. • Continuous improvement aligns learning design with student needs. Keywords Design Thinking; Continuous Improvement; Applied Engineering Education; Learning System Design; Student Attendance
Copyright (c) 2026 Aina Nindiani; Aris Insan Waluya, Annisa Indah Pratiwi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimization of Cement Bag Production Scheduling Using Particle Swarm Optimization Method
General background: Efficient production scheduling is essential for improving operational performance in multi-stage manufacturing systems with fluctuating demand. Specific background: At PT XYZ, Cement Bag production involves six sequential machines, yet scheduling remains manual, causing bottlenecks, long waiting times, and a makespan that exceeds production targets. Knowledge gap: Prior studies largely optimize a single performance indicator—typically makespan—and rarely address dual objectives in complex multi-machine plastic-bag manufacturing. Aims: This study aims to optimize Cement Bag production scheduling using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to minimize makespan and total waiting time simultaneously. Results: Implementing PSO on 12 jobs and 6 machines reduced makespan from 49,400 seconds to 34,520 seconds (32.77%) and lowered waiting time from 186,050 seconds to 115,870 seconds. The optimized job sequence balances machine workloads more effectively than the existing manual schedule. Novelty: The study integrates dual performance criteria in a real multi-process Cement Bag production system and applies PSO to an industrial context not previously examined comprehensively. Implications: Findings demonstrate PSO’s suitability as an adaptive AI-based scheduling approach, offering manufacturers a practical pathway toward improved resource utilization, reduced delays, and enhanced responsiveness to market variability. Highlights: Highlights the significant reduction of makespan and waiting time using PSO. Demonstrates balanced workload distribution across six machines. Shows the novelty of dual-objective optimization in Cement Bag production. Keywords: Production Scheduling, PSO, Makespan, Waiting Time, Manufacturing
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdi Harish Pratama; Sumiati Sumiati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Shoe Product Quality Through the New Seven Tools Approach and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA)
General Background: Quality control is essential for ensuring competitiveness in manufacturing industries, particularly in footwear production. Specific Background: UD. XYZ experiences a defect rate of 12.85%, exceeding the company standard of 5%, indicating systemic issues in its production process. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have utilized New Seven Tools and FMEA, yet have not sufficiently integrated both methods to produce comprehensive improvement recommendations tailored to the root causes of shoe defects. Aim: This study aims to identify defect-causing factors and propose corrective actions using combined New Seven Tools and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Results: Analysis revealed 27 proposed improvements through the PDPC, with 25 deemed feasible, while FMEA identified untidy sewing as the most critical failure mode, with the highest RPN value of 336. Novelty: This study offers an integrated diagnostic–corrective framework that systematically links qualitative mapping tools with quantitative risk prioritization to strengthen quality improvement strategies. Implications: Findings provide actionable guidance for enhancing worker performance, machine calibration, material handling, and production methods, supporting sustained quality enhancement in the footwear industry. Highlights: Identifies key defect sources in shoe production using integrated qualitative and quantitative methods. Highlights untidy sewing as the most critical issue based on the highest RPN value (336). Provides feasible improvement actions, with 25 of 27 recommendations implementable for quality enhancement. Keywords: Quality Control, New Seven Tools, FMEA, Shoe Manufacturing, Defect Reduction
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Wibbie Wiweka Subono; Rr. Rochmoeljati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating SERVQUAL and Importance Performance Analysis to Prioritize Service Improvements in Modern Retail: A Case Study of XYZ Store
General Background: Service quality is a critical determinant of competitiveness in modern retail, particularly as rapid growth in small convenience stores intensifies customer expectations. Specific Background: XYZ Store has experienced declining customer satisfaction, requiring a systematic evaluation of service delivery using established measurement frameworks. Knowledge Gap: Despite the extensive use of SERVQUAL and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) in service research, limited studies integrate both methods to diagnose priority improvements in small-scale retail settings. Aims: This study aims to measure service quality at XYZ Store, identify performance gaps across SERVQUAL dimensions, and prioritize improvement strategies using IPA. Results: Analysis of 100 respondents showed all SERVQUAL attributes were valid and reliable, with an overall gap score of –0.74 and a service quality index (Q) of 0.84, indicating service performance below expectations. IPA mapping revealed four critical attributes—store layout (T3), complaint handling (RP3), facility conditions (T1), and product availability (RL2)—requiring immediate improvement. Novelty: This research offers an integrated SERVQUAL–IPA approach that produces a precise, actionable prioritization of service weaknesses in a small retail context. Implications: Findings provide managerial guidance for enhancing operational performance, increasing customer satisfaction, and strengthening competitive positioning in the retail sector. Highlights: Identifies critical service gaps with an integrated SERVQUAL–IPA approach. Highlights four priority attributes needing immediate improvement. Provides actionable strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and competitiveness. Keywords: SERVQUAL, IPA, Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Retail Management
Copyright (c) 2025 Mochammad Afif Sajidin, Deny Andesta, Mochammad Nuruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Origami Play Therapy and Preschool Child Development Outcomes
General Background: Early childhood represents a critical phase of growth in which optimal stimulation is required to support motor, language, and social development through structured educational and nursing activities. Specific Background: Play-based interventions, including origami activities, are frequently applied in early childhood education settings as routine learning strategies, yet their structured application within nursing-oriented developmental stimulation remains limited. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence comparing origami play therapy with routine daily activities using an integrated assessment of fine motor, gross motor, language, and personal–social development is still scarce, particularly in early childhood education institutions. Aims: This study aimed to examine preschool child development following origami play therapy compared with routine daily activities at PAUD (KB–TK) TBS Kajan, Krandon Kudus. Results: Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design with 72 preschool children, origami play therapy and routine activities were both associated with significant improvements in developmental outcomes based on Denver Developmental Screening Test assessments, while post-intervention comparisons between groups showed no significant differences. Novelty: The study offers an integrated nursing-based application of origami play therapy assessed across multiple developmental domains within a quasi-experimental framework in an early childhood education context. Implications: These findings support the incorporation of structured origami activities and routine learning practices as complementary approaches in early childhood education and pediatric nursing to support comprehensive preschool development. Highlights • Preschool children showed measurable developmental improvement after structured play-based activities • Origami activities were associated with progress across motor, language, and social domains • Routine daily learning activities also demonstrated comparable developmental gains Keywords Origami Play Therapy; Preschool Child Development; Early Childhood Education; Developmental Screening; Pediatric Nursing
Copyright (c) 2026 Citra Karima Lailatul Hikmah, Umi Faridah, Indanah Indanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Buerger Allen Therapy and Foot Sensitivity in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a persistent global health condition frequently accompanied by peripheral neuropathy, which presents as reduced foot sensitivity and elevates the risk of foot-related complications. Specific background: Sensory impairment in the lower extremities remains a common clinical concern among diabetes mellitus patients receiving care at primary health facilities. Knowledge gap: Existing studies largely emphasize peripheral circulation parameters, while focused evidence describing foot sensitivity changes remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to describe foot sensitivity among diabetes mellitus patients undergoing Buerger Allen therapy in a community health setting. Results: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was conducted with 82 participants. Monofilament testing revealed notable sensory changes in the intervention group, whereas the control group demonstrated relatively stable sensory findings. Novelty: This study places foot sensitivity as a primary clinical outcome rather than a secondary circulatory indicator. Implications: The findings support the incorporation of structured lower-extremity exercise within routine nursing care to address early sensory disturbances in diabetes mellitus. Highlights Buerger Allen therapy was accompanied by distinct foot sensory findings. Monofilament testing identified sensory patterns across intervention and control groups. Foot sensitivity served as a clinically meaningful outcome in diabetes care. Keywords Diabetes Mellitus, Buerger Allen Therapy, Foot Sensitivity, Diabetic Neuropathy, Nursing Care
Copyright (c) 2025 Isna Aulia Mukaromah, Diana Tri Lestari, Fitriana Kartikasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fine Motor Occupational Therapy and Cognitive Outcomes in Children With Intellectual Disability
General Background: Children with intellectual disability experience persistent limitations in cognitive development that affect learning, attention, and daily functioning, necessitating structured therapeutic approaches within special education settings. Specific Background: Fine motor occupational therapy activities, particularly cutting and pasting, are assumed to engage hand–eye coordination, concentration, and visual–motor integration relevant to cognitive processes in children with intellectual disability. Knowledge Gap: Empirical studies examining cutting and pasting as a fine motor occupational therapy intervention for cognitive outcomes in children with intellectual disability remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to examine cognitive changes following fine motor occupational therapy using cutting and pasting activities among children with intellectual disability in a special school context. Results: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups involved 67 participants assessed using the Bender–Gestalt test. Significant cognitive improvement was observed in the intervention group (p = 0.000), while the control group showed no significant change (p = 0.083). Post-intervention comparison demonstrated a significant difference between groups (p = 0.002). Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence on the application of cutting and pasting as a fine motor occupational therapy approach specifically targeting cognitive functions in children with intellectual disability. Implications: The findings support the integration of cutting and pasting activities as structured occupational therapy and nursing interventions in special schools to support cognitive development and functional independence among children with special needs. Highlights • Fine motor occupational therapy activities showed measurable cognitive changes in children with intellectual disability • Cutting and pasting tasks differentiated cognitive outcomes between intervention and control groups • Structured occupational therapy supported learning processes in special school settings Keywords Fine Motor Occupational Therapy; Cognitive Function; Cutting And Pasting; Intellectual Disability; Special Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Firna Malinda Putri Nafaza, Anny Rosiana Masithoh, Ashri Maulida Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parenting Styles Parental Employment Child Independence Among Elementary Students
General Background: Child independence is a crucial developmental aspect during the elementary school period and is closely associated with family-related factors. Specific Background: Parenting styles and parental employment status are frequently discussed determinants that shape children’s ability to manage daily activities and responsibilities independently. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive discussion, empirical evidence examining the combined association of parenting styles and parental employment status with child independence within a specific elementary school context remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and parental employment status with the level of independence among school-aged children at SD 2 Jurang, Gebog District, Kudus Regency. Results: Using a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach and total sampling of 49 students aged 9–12 years, Chi-Square analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between parenting styles and child independence (p < 0.05) with strong association strength, while parental employment status also showed a significant relationship with moderate association strength. Novelty: The study integrates parenting styles and parental employment status simultaneously within a single elementary school setting to explain variations in child independence. Implications: These findings provide empirical support for parents and schools to consider parenting approaches and work-related conditions when supporting the development of independence among elementary school children. Highlights • Democratic caregiving patterns were predominantly associated with higher self-reliance levels. • Work-related parental conditions showed a measurable association with children’s daily autonomy. • Most participants demonstrated moderate autonomy within academic and home activities. Keywords Parenting Styles; Parental Employment Status; Child Independence; School-Age Children; Elementary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayunda Dwi Agustina, Indanah Indanah, Yulisetyaningrum Yulisetyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gadget Use and Speech Delay Risk in Toddlers
General Background: Early childhood is a critical period for language acquisition, during which speech delay may disrupt communication and social development. Specific Background: The increasing prevalence of gadget use among children aged 18–36 months has raised concerns regarding reduced verbal interaction and language stimulation, particularly within community-based health services such as Posyandu. Knowledge Gap: Although gadget exposure in early childhood continues to rise, localized empirical evidence examining its association with speech delay risk remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between gadget use and the risk of speech delay among children aged 18–36 months at the Posyandu of Jetiskapuan Village, Jati District, Kudus Regency. Results: A quantitative correlational study with a total sample of 58 children was conducted using a gadget use questionnaire and the Indonesian version of the Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale, with data analyzed through Spearman Rank correlation. The findings demonstrated a strong and statistically significant negative relationship between gadget use and children’s language ability (r = −0.668; p < 0.001), indicating that higher levels of gadget use were associated with greater risk of speech delay. Novelty: This study provides community-based evidence highlighting the strength and direction of the association between gadget use intensity and speech delay risk in toddlers. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of parental supervision of gadget use and active verbal stimulation to support optimal language development during early childhood. Highlights • Higher levels of gadget use were associated with lower language ability scores in children aged 18–36 months. • Receptive language abilities were more developed than expressive language abilities among the participants. • Gadget use was predominantly passive, with limited interactive communication activities. Keywords Gadget Use; Speech Delay; Early Childhood; Language Development; Posyandu
Copyright (c) 2026 Anila Umriana, Indanah Indanah, Yulisetyaningrum Yulisetyaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gadget Use and Social Interaction and Social Emotional Conditions in Preschool Children
General Background: Preschool children undergo rapid social and emotional development during early childhood while simultaneously experiencing increasing exposure to digital technology. Specific Background: Gadget use has become a routine activity among preschool children and is commonly associated with variations in social interaction behavior and social-emotional conditions in both home and school environments. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies tend to examine gadget use in general populations, with limited evidence focusing on specific kindergarten settings that concurrently assess social interaction behavior and social-emotional conditions. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between gadget use, social interaction behavior, and social-emotional conditions among preschool children at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal V Gondangmanis Kindergarten. Results: Employing a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 68 preschool children, the findings indicated a significant negative relationship between gadget use and social interaction behavior (r = −0.288; p = 0.017) and a significant positive relationship between gadget use and social-emotional problems (r = 0.334; p = 0.005). Novelty: This study integrates gadget use, social interaction behavior, and social-emotional conditions within a specific kindergarten context, providing localized empirical evidence. Implications: The findings underline the importance of structured parental and teacher guidance in regulating gadget use to support healthy social interaction and social-emotional development in preschool children. Highlights • Higher gadget use was associated with lower levels of social interaction behavior • Increased gadget use corresponded with a higher occurrence of social-emotional problems • The kindergarten-based context revealed distinctive behavioral and emotional patterns Keywords Gadget Use; Social Interaction; Social Emotional Conditions; Preschool Children; Early Childhood Development
Copyright (c) 2026 Sofiana Dewi Nugraheni, Indanah Indanah, Sri Karyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lavender Aromatherapy And Slow Deep Breathing In Hypertension Sleep Quality
General Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem frequently accompanied by sleep quality disturbances that can worsen physiological and psychological conditions. Specific Background: Non-pharmacological approaches such as lavender aromatherapy and slow deep breathing are recognized as relaxation-based interventions that may support sleep regulation among hypertensive patients. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have predominantly examined these interventions separately, while evidence on their combined application in rural community settings remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to examine the outcomes of combining lavender aromatherapy and slow deep breathing on sleep quality among patients with hypertension in Brakas Village. Results: Using a quasi-experimental control group pretest–posttest design, significant improvements in sleep quality scores were observed in the intervention group receiving both lavender aromatherapy and slow deep breathing, while the control group receiving slow deep breathing alone showed lower improvements, with statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.001). Novelty: This study provides community-based evidence on the combined application of lavender aromatherapy and slow deep breathing among hypertensive patients in a rural setting. Implications: The findings indicate that this combined non-pharmacological approach may serve as a simple and practical option for improving sleep quality among people with hypertension at the community level. Highlights • Combination Intervention Produced Greater Sleep Quality Improvement • Community-Based Application In Rural Hypertension Patients • Non-Pharmacological Approach Using Relaxation-Based Methods Keywords Hypertension; Lavender Aromatherapy; Slow Deep Breathing; Sleep Quality; Non Pharmacological Therapy
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Nurotussaniah, Sukesih Sukesih, Indanah Indanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Benson And Guided Imagery Combination In Gastritis Pain Reduction
General Background: Gastritis is a common gastrointestinal disorder frequently accompanied by epigastric pain that interferes with patient comfort and daily functioning. Specific Background: Non-pharmacological nursing interventions such as Benson relaxation therapy and guided imagery have been individually applied to manage pain in gastritis patients, particularly in primary healthcare settings. Knowledge Gap: However, empirical evidence examining the combined application of Benson therapy and guided imagery as a structured intervention in community health centers remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to examine the outcomes of a combined Benson therapy and guided imagery intervention on pain levels among gastritis patients at a primary healthcare center. Results: Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design with 32 participants, the intervention group demonstrated a marked shift from moderate–severe pain to predominantly mild pain after the intervention, while the control group receiving pain management education showed a smaller reduction. Statistical analysis indicated significant pre–post differences within the intervention group and significant differences between groups after intervention. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the standardized combination of Benson relaxation and guided imagery implemented as a single nursing intervention package in a primary care context. Implications: These findings support the integration of combined Benson therapy and guided imagery into routine nursing care as a feasible, safe, and low-cost non-pharmacological approach for managing gastritis-related pain in primary healthcare services. Highlights • Demonstrated pain level shift toward mild categories following combined relaxation intervention • Showed significant differences between intervention and education-only groups • Supported structured non-pharmacological nursing care in primary health centers Keywords Benson Therapy; Guided Imagery; Gastritis Pain; Non Pharmacological Nursing; Primary Health Care
Copyright (c) 2026 Tia Meilana Uswatun Khasanah, Sukarmin Sukarmin, Heny Siswanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises and Socioeconomic Welfare in Bayah Barat Village
General Background: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises are widely recognized as a fundamental pillar of rural economic systems in Indonesia, particularly in supporting household livelihoods and local economic circulation. Specific Background: In Bayah Barat Village, Lebak Regency, MSMEs based on banana processing and home industries represent dominant community economic activities rooted in local resources and traditional knowledge. Knowledge Gap: Despite their persistence, limited empirical studies have documented how these MSMEs contribute to socio-economic welfare while simultaneously facing constraints related to capital access, marketing reach, and digital literacy at the village level. Aims: This study aims to analyze the contribution of MSMEs to socio-economic welfare in Bayah Barat Village and to formulate a digital-based strengthening strategy grounded in community participation. Results: Using a Participatory Rural Appraisal approach, the findings indicate that MSMEs contribute to employment absorption, household income generation, and local economic strengthening, while encountering structural challenges including limited financing, raw material stability, and conventional marketing practices. Novelty: The study highlights a community-based perspective that integrates traditional production systems with participatory analysis to identify digital marketing and alternative financing pathways. Implications: These findings imply the need for inclusive financing access, entrepreneurial capacity building, digital literacy improvement, product standardization, and strengthened village institutional collaboration to support sustainable community-based MSME development. Highlights • MSMEs support employment and household income through banana-based home industries • Participatory Rural Appraisal reveals capital and marketing constraints at village level • Community-based digital strategies align local resources with economic sustainability Keywords Micro Small And Medium Enterprises; Socioeconomic Welfare; Participatory Rural Appraisal; Digital Marketing; Bayah Barat Village
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zaky, Teja Amhar Padillah, Dimas Saputra, Salwa Oktavia, Nasywa Fawwaz Akhdam, Yandri Delfiza, Amalina Adani Putri Daeng, Syarifah Khansa Pidreansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relational Capital And Innovation As Drivers Of Micro Small And Medium Enterprise Sustainability
General Background: MSME sustainability is increasingly shaped by the capacity to manage intangible resources and innovation within dynamic business environments. Specific Background: Intellectual capital, comprising human, structural, and relational capital, is recognized as a strategic resource for MSMEs, yet its linkage to sustainability remains underexplored when innovation is positioned as an intervening construct. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies predominantly emphasize financial performance, leaving limited empirical evidence on how intellectual capital relates to MSME sustainability measured across economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Aims: This study examines the relationships between intellectual capital components, innovation, and MSME sustainability in Indonesia, with innovation treated as an intervening variable. Results: Using SEM–PLS on data from 178 MSMEs, the findings demonstrate that relational capital shows a positive and significant relationship with innovation, while human capital and structural capital do not exhibit significant relationships. Innovation is positively and significantly associated with economic, social, and environmental sustainability dimensions. Novelty: The study introduces an integrated sustainability measurement encompassing triple-bottom-line dimensions within a single empirical model while empirically testing innovation as an intervening mechanism linking intellectual capital to sustainability. Implications: These results extend MSME sustainability literature and provide strategic insights for policymakers and practitioners to prioritize relational networks and innovation-oriented development pathways supporting long-term MSME sustainability. Highlights • Relational capital demonstrates a significant association with innovation in MSMEs • Innovation shows significant relationships with economic, social, and environmental sustainability • Sustainability is examined through an integrated triple-bottom-line empirical model Keywords Intellectual Capital; Relational Capital; Innovation; MSME Sustainability; Triple Bottom Line
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasti Maita Putri, Luluk Fadliyanti, Muhamad Bai'ul Hak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Balance of Value and Weight of Exports Indonesia
Indonesia's export performance is still less than optimal because the leading commodities are dominated by products with large volumes but relatively low value per unit weight. This study aims to analyze the balance between the value and weight of Indonesia's exports and identify commodity groups based on the characteristics of export value per weight and volume. The data used is Indonesia's cross-sectional export-import data for the period of July 2024, covering 98 commodities based on HS codes, including the variables of export value (USD) and export weight (kg). The method used is agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The analysis results two main clusters, namely the bulk cluster with high export weight but lower value per volume, consisting of 30 commodities, and the premium cluster, consisting of 68 commodities with smaller export weight but high export value per kg. Commodities in the first cluster should focus more on improving logistics efficiency and export volume, while commodities in the second cluster require support in the form of improved domestic institutions, regulations, and branding strategies to expand market access. These findings emphasize the need for differentiated export policies based on cluster characteristics and indicate the great potential of high-value commodities as the backbone of Indonesia's exports in the future. Highlights: Identifies two main export clusters: bulk and premium commodities. Highlights policy needs based on export value-to-weight characteristics. Emphasizes potential of high-value commodities for future export growth. Keywords: export value, export weight, hierarchical clustering, internasional trade
Copyright (c) 2026 Suprianto Suprianto (Author); Ade Ayu Fitriana A., Eka Fauziah Rahmawati, Mirza Kirma Prayoga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Media and Brand Personification for Micro and Small Culinary Enterprises
General Background: The rapid growth of culinary MSMEs in South Tangerang underscores their strategic role in strengthening regional and national economic resilience. Specific Background: Digital transformation, particularly through social media, has become a crucial tool for MSMEs to enhance visibility and build emotional engagement with consumers. Knowledge Gap: However, empirical studies examining how social media facilitates brand personification and its contribution to MSME business performance remain limited, especially in the culinary sector. Aims: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media in supporting brand personification and its impact on the business development of culinary MSMEs in South Tangerang. Results: Using a qualitative approach with structured interviews, the findings reveal that platforms such as WhatsApp, TikTok, and Instagram significantly strengthen brand identity, foster customer interaction, and enhance consumer trust. Brand personification—expressed through personalized narratives, humanized brand identities, and consistent visual representation—plays a key role in increasing customer engagement and market reach. Novelty: This research offers a practical framework demonstrating how humanized digital branding strategies can be optimized by micro and small culinary entrepreneurs. Implications: The study highlights that effective social media utilization combined with strong brand personification can substantially improve business performance and support MSME growth in competitive digital markets. Highlights: Highlights the strategic role of social media in strengthening brand identity for culinary MSMEs. Emphasizes brand personification as a key factor in building emotional engagement with consumers. Shows that digital branding practices significantly enhance business growth and market reach. Keywords: MSME, Social Media, Brand Personification, Digital Marketing, Culinary Business
Copyright (c) 2025 Leo Alexander Tambunan, Paulus Yulius Fanggidae, Jessica Dorothy Suparto, Peter Frederick Sumardin, Enrico Julio Tejakusuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolution of Ecological Thinking in Architectural Theory and Sustainable Design Paradigms
Ecological thinking has increasingly emerged as a central paradigm in contemporary architectural theory, driven by escalating environmental degradation, climate change, and the growing recognition of complex interactions between the built environment and natural systems. Despite the expansion of green and sustainable architecture discourse, prior studies often remain fragmented, focusing separately on environmental performance, materials, or digital tools, without integrating ecological theory, architectural heritage, and technological innovation into a coherent framework. This study aims to systematically examine the evolution of ecological thinking in architectural theory and to clarify its role in shaping sustainable and adaptive design paradigms. The research adopts a qualitative methodology based on systematic literature review, historical–theoretical analysis, and comparative evaluation of architectural paradigms, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles, theoretical monographs, and recent studies on sustainability, biomimicry, and digital design technologies indexed in major academic databases. The findings reveal a clear paradigm shift from mechanistic and form-oriented architectural models toward holistic, system-based, and interactive ecological approaches, in which architecture is understood as an adaptive component of broader environmental, cultural, and technological systems. The results also demonstrate that digital tools such as Building Information Modeling, data-driven design, and artificial intelligence increasingly support ecological thinking by enabling life-cycle analysis, adaptive responses, and integrative decision-making. The novelty of this study lies in synthesizing ecological theory, traditional architectural knowledge, and contemporary digital technologies into an integrated theoretical perspective, rather than treating them as isolated domains. The implications suggest that ecological thinking should be positioned not merely as an environmental strategy but as a foundational architectural paradigm, informing theory development, guiding sustainable design practice, influencing policy on the built environment, and reshaping architectural education toward interdisciplinary and ecologically grounded curricula. Keywords : Ecological Architectural Theory, Sustainable Design Paradigms, Systems-Based Design, Biomimetic Architecture, Digital Design Technologies Highlight : Ecological thinking redefines architecture as integrative systems linking environmental, cultural, technological, and social dimensions. Architectural paradigms shift empirically from mechanistic models toward holistic, adaptive, and system-based ecological frameworks. Digital technologies actively support resource-aware, responsive design, strengthening ecological integration across architectural practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Odina Olimova, O.N. Babakandov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modern Leadership and Managerial Competence of Islamic Primary School Staff
General Background: Educational institutions in the twenty-first century face rapid digital transformation that requires leadership approaches beyond conventional managerial practices. Specific Background: In Islamic primary schools, transformational leadership and digital leadership have emerged as key dimensions of modern leadership applied by school principals to support administrative and managerial functions of educational personnel. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing scholarly attention to leadership styles, empirical evidence that jointly examines transformational and digital leadership in relation to managerial competence of educational staff in Islamic primary schools remains limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze the contribution of transformational leadership and digital leadership to the managerial competence of educational personnel at SD Islam Al-Azhar 38 Bantul. Results: Using a quantitative ex post facto design with total sampling of 34 educational staff members, the findings demonstrate that transformational leadership and digital leadership simultaneously explain 87.8 percent of the variance in managerial competence, with digital leadership showing a dominant role, while transformational leadership presents a non-significant coefficient. Novelty: The study integrates two dimensions of modern leadership within the specific context of Islamic primary school educational personnel, highlighting digital leadership as a central managerial driver. Implications: These findings suggest that strengthening digital leadership practices, supported by adequate infrastructure and continuous professional development, is essential for advancing managerial competence and improving administrative governance in Islamic primary education. *]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="request-WEB:cb713a35-c7c1-4766-be64-ef917ea06056-0" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"> Highlights • Transformational and digital leadership jointly account for a high proportion of managerial competence variance • Digital leadership demonstrates a dominant contribution within a school digitalization context • Islamic primary schools benefit from integrated modern leadership practices supported by digital systems Keywords Transformational Leadership; Digital Leadership; Managerial Competence; Educational Personnel; Islamic Primary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Sulfiani Mustakim, Muh. Nur Islam Nurdin, Faning Maulida Fitria, Susilawati Susilawati, Kartika Novitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Service Quality Challenges and Strengths in a Remote Public Health Center
General Background: Quality primary healthcare services are essential in meeting increasing public expectations, particularly in remote regions. Specific Background: At the Sungai Boh Community Health Center, previous surveys reported low satisfaction scores, indicating persistent service quality issues. Knowledge Gap: Despite known challenges, empirical analysis across the SERVQUAL dimensions in remote health facilities remains limited. Aims: This study analyzes the quality of health services at the Sungai Boh Health Center based on five SERVQUAL dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Results: Findings reveal that responsiveness and empathy are relatively strong, supported by staff commitment and routine training; however, service reliability and assurance are hindered by infrastructural limitations, incomplete medical equipment, and inconsistent discipline. Tangible aspects such as waiting areas and diagnostic tools remain inadequate. Novelty: This study demonstrates how geographical isolation interacts with human resource capacity and infrastructural constraints to shape service quality outcomes within a rural Indonesian health center. Implications: Improvements in supporting facilities, continuous professional development, strengthened SOP implementation, and enhanced coordination with local health authorities are required to ensure efficient, equitable, and patient-centered healthcare delivery in remote areas. Highlights: Strong responsiveness and empathy improve patient trust despite limited resources. Infrastructural and equipment gaps remain major barriers to service reliability. Continuous training and strengthened SOPs are crucial for sustaining quality care. Keywords: Health Service Quality, Servqual, Primary Healthcare, Patient Satisfaction, Remote Health Centers
Copyright (c) 2025 Martinus Ului, Ibnu Sabil, Agus Priyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Mobsi Mobile Presence System in Improving the Discipline of State Civil Apparatus
General Background: Public sector organizations increasingly adopt e-government solutions to enhance administrative efficiency and employee discipline, particularly in attendance management systems. Specific Background: The Gunungkidul Regency Government replaced a manual attendance system—prone to manipulation, errors, and delayed reporting—with the MOBSI mobile presence system to improve discipline among State Civil Apparatus (ASN). Knowledge Gap: Despite growing adoption of mobile attendance systems, empirical evidence on their effectiveness in strengthening discipline and supervision in local government institutions remains limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the MOBSI mobile presence system and its role in improving ASN discipline in Gunungkidul Regency. Results: Using a qualitative case study approach involving key officials of the Pamong Praja Police Unit, the findings indicate that MOBSI enables real-time, GPS-based attendance monitoring, enhances supervisory control, simplifies data recording, and contributes to consistently high attendance rates throughout 2024. Novelty: This study provides contextual evidence of how a geolocation-based mobile attendance system functions as both a technological and managerial instrument for discipline enforcement in local government. Implications: The findings suggest that integrating mobile attendance systems within e-government frameworks can strengthen accountability, improve work discipline, and ultimately enhance the quality of public services in regional governments. Highlights: Digital Attendance Innovation: MOBSI replaces manual attendance with a GPS-based mobile system to ensure accurate and real-time monitoring. Discipline and Accountability: The system strengthens ASN discipline by reducing manipulation and improving supervisory control. E-Government Impact: MOBSI supports administrative efficiency and enhances the quality of public services in local government. Keywords: Mobile Attendance System, ASN Discipline, E-Government, GPS-Based Monitoring, Public Service Performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Ervina Ervina (Author); Sri Widiyanti, Junior Hendri Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0