Abstract

This article covers the reforms implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the years of independence for the development of the textile industry, as well as the issues of the development of the textile industry.

Introduction

Respublikamiz yengil sanoat tarmoqlari tarkibida to‘qimachilik sanoati eng istiqbolli tarmoqlaridan biri bo‘lib, ushbu tarmoqni rivojlantirish uchun qulay tabiiy, iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy omillar mavjud. Shuni alohida qayd etish lozimki ushbu sanoatning rivojlanish geografiyasini mahalliy xom-ashyo, yetarli mehnat resurslari shuningdek fan-texnika taraqqiyoti hamda iste’mol kabi omillari belgilab beradi.

Main Part

The textile industry is technologically closely connected with the cotton ginning, chemical, machine-building industries. At the same time, this industry has a high "density" of product consumption and circulation. The textile industry has a decisive influence on the placement of sewing and knitting industry enterprises, especially in the production of clothing products for the population throughout the year.

Until the years of independence, more precisely, during the time of the former Union, textile factories and branches were built and put into operation in the cities of our republic, such as Tashkent, Andijan, Nukus, Bukhara. However, only 9% of the total cotton fiber grown in this industry was processed, and the rest was exported from the territory of the republic.

After Uzbekistan gained independence, fundamental changes took place in the geography of the textile industry. In this regard, creating a favorable

investment environment in the conditions of the market economy, by creating structural changes in the industry on the basis of local raw materials resources, by establishing and operating joint enterprises based on modern technological production in the textile, sewing, knitting industry based on cotton raw materials, regions increasing the export potential and filling the domestic consumer market with quality consumer goods is one of the priorities of the regional policy of the republican government.

In different regions of our republic, joint enterprises in the textile industry processing cotton fiber based on modern technologies have been built and put into operation. Such joint ventures were built and put into operation in Boston, Gurlan, Bogot, Urganch, Jomboy, Zhargorgon, Shahrisabz, Olot, Karakol, Kosonsoy, Pop, Namangan and other cities of our republic.

Export of cotton fiber, yarn and textile products in Uzbekistan in 2005-2019 (million USD)

In recent years, the active investment policy carried out in our republic has led to an increase in the share of these industrial products in foreign exports due to the radical modernization of many industries, including the textile industry, and the

increase of their diversification. From the data in the above table, it is known that the volume of cotton fiber export in the foreign export of our country has gradually decreased. we can see that the contribution of products such as thread yarn to the export volume has increased (Table 1).

Chapter III of the new development strategy of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 entitled "Rapid development of the national economy and ensuring high growth rates" envisages doubling the production volume of textile industry products. . Also, in this chapter, "Establishing foreign economic relations between the regions of the Republic and business representatives of foreign countries, including the development of investment and foreign trade relations with the People's Republic of China of the Syrdarya region, the Russian Federation of the Surkhandarya region, and the Indian business circles of the Jizzakh region. "Investor Support Center" in Surkhandarya Region, "Business Assistance Center" by Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine in Navoi Region, "Advanced Projects and Engineering Center" in Tashkent city, and "Innovation and Technology Centers" in each district. providing practical assistance to entrepreneurs. Tasks such as holding the "Tashkent International Investment Forum" every year in the city of Tashkent have been set [1-13b].

In recent years, a number of decrees and decisions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the organization of the cultivation of cotton crops and their technological deep processing have been adopted.

Especially the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 14.12. Decree No. PF- 5285 of 2017 "On measures for rapid development of the textile and sewing- knitting industry" and the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 16.11.2021 "Measures to regulate the activities of cotton-textile clusters" Decree No. PF-14 "on events" serves as an important step in the development of the industry.

"Uztoqimaliksanoat" association was established by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 14, 2017 "On measures for rapid development of the textile and sewing-knitting industry".

"The greetings of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the agricultural workers of Uzbekistan on December 7, 2019 summarized the achievements in this regard and "...we have decided to transfer cotton production to 100% cluster method from next year. At the same time, we will consistently continue the work of organizing clusters of grain, fruit and vegetable, poultry, livestock, fishery and cocoon breeding", with the words, "leaders and experts of the relevant directions were assigned a number of tasks"[2-5 b] .

"The modern interpretation of the cluster theory was fully formed in the 80s of the 20th century. M. Porter empirically proved that large competitive companies tend to concentrate in certain areas. He stated that a competitive company has a satisfactory effect on the economic entities around it, and in turn creates an alternative environment that increases the competitiveness of all interdependent partners. In his opinion, "A cluster is a territorially (geographically) adjacent, interconnected company operating in a certain field, complementing each other towards a common goal, and related to it. is a group of private organizations". A competitive company forms the competitiveness of the national economy sector, and the competitive sector, in turn, ensures and maintains the country's competitiveness in the world market" [2-1 b].

The establishment of cotton textile clusters in our country will lead to deep technological processing of locally grown cotton raw materials and the creation of additional product value. As a result, new jobs will be created in the regions, employment of the population will be ensured, and as a result, the production of ready-made quality consumer goods for the domestic and foreign markets will be achieved.

In 2020, 96 cotton-textile clusters operated in our republic. In these clusters, cotton was planted on an area of 907,783 hectares, and 2 million 794 tons of cotton were harvested. On average, each cluster has an area of 9,456 hectares. came In

Navoi, Jizzakh, Kashkadarya, Bukhara, Syrdarya and Surkhandarya regions of our republic, each cluster has an average of more than 10,000 hectares of cotton planting areas.

In 2021, 1,989 enterprises and entrepreneurs, 122 cotton textile clusters, and 4 educational institutions operated within the association. Also, this year foreign investment worth 3.9 billion dollars was made. In addition, 1,005,000 tons of cotton fibers were processed by the joint enterprises, 862,000 tons of yarn, 716,000,000 sq.m.

"It should be noted that in 2017, only 0.9 percent of the gross cotton crop grown in our republic was contributed by clusters, while in 2018, this indicator was 15.1 percent, and in 2019, it was 68 percent, in 2020 it was 91 percent. Starting from 2021, 100 percent of raw cotton was produced by cotton-textile clusters. Productivity has increased by an average of 10% over the past year. In 2016, 37 percent of the raw cotton produced in our country was processed, and now Uzbekistan has the capacity to process 100 percent of its own cotton fiber. In return, the export of raw materials was completely stopped. On the contrary, it began to be processed and exported as a value-added product. In other words, the volume of in-depth fiber processing in our country has increased, the spinning of kalava yarn has increased by 2 times, and the production of finished products has increased by 3 times. In turn, it is gratifying that the amount of exports has increased steadily and reached 3.1 billion dollars by the end of 2021" [3].

Conclusion

In short, the textile industry differs from other industries in that it is sufficiently supplied with local rich and cheap raw materials. Also, the availability of labor resources and consumption factors for the development of this industry opens wide opportunities for the development of this industry. will give. The reforms carried out in the textile industry of our republic will serve to strengthen the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the world textile industry in the near future, as well as to increase the well-being of the population of our country, and the stable growth of our national economy.

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