The Impact of Urban Development on Tourism Development
Innovation in Economics, Finance and Sustainable Development
DOI: 10.21070/ijins.v17i.583
Published: 2022-03-12

The Impact of Urban Development on Tourism Development


Associate Professor of Geography, Termez State University, Candidate of Geographical Sciences
Uzbekistan
Teacher of the Department of Geography of Termez State University
Uzbekistan
Termez State University
Uzbekistan

(*) Corresponding Author

Urban development tourism pilgrimage tourism ethnotourism tourist potential tourism facilities tourism infrastructure architectural monuments

Abstract

This article provides information on the impact of urban development on tourism development in Uzbekistan, especially the tourist potential of large cities, the peculiarities of the reception of tourists, tourist facilities and tourism industries. The share of tourism in the gross domestic product (GDP) of Uzbekistan, the population employed in this field, as well as the work to be done in the future to further develop this sector are scientifically covered.

INTRODUCTION.

Uzbekistan has all the socio-economic opportunities and facilities for the development of tourism, which allows to promote tourism as a key sector of the economy, so the scientific study of regional tourism opportunities and the development of proposals and recommendations in this regard is urgent. One of the important socio-economic realities, which has a great impact on the development of tourism in particular, is the development of cities

The high level of urbanization is one of the main reasons for the mass forms of tourism. Cities are the most active and creative view of the population. The location characteristics of urban and rural settlements determine the appearance of many tourist routes [2]. Cities are now one of the main forms of population in the world. They have a developed entertainment industry and infrastructure, and therefore the potential for better conditions for tourists in urban areas is higher than in rural areas [1]. In large cities of Uzbekistan, such opportunities are created and developed for tourists.

THE MAIN PART.

According to the World Tourism Organization, Uzbekistan is one of the leading tourist destinations in Central Asia in the XXI century

cycle and here a 15 per cent increase in tourist routes is projected. If we look at the dynamics of tourism in the country, it is growing every year.

The increase in the flow of tourists from the Commonwealth and foreign countries indicates the high potential of international tourism in the region. This is especially true in large cities in Uzbekistan. Due to the development of the infrastructure network in the major cities of the country, the urban lifestyle in the surrounding rural areas is expanding, which further expands the future potential of the tourism industry. [6]

According to Academician A. Askarov, the history of cities in Uzbekistan has a history of 6,000 years. During this period, the city's population has been growing steadily, and the importance of cities in all aspects of human life is growing. Cities are leaders in development, the production and application of new techniques and technologies, the centers of new ideas, information flows and the exchange of cultures, as well as the fact that the urban population will have a much higher level of culture and awareness. The level of tourism activity in cities is higher than in rural areas. This is because the need for recreation of the urban population (the larger the city, the greater the desire to travel, the desire to change their environment to escape the stress of urban life) is high [7]. As for rural areas, their level of tourist service is much lower.

In Uzbekistan, cities are divided into groups according to a number of characteristics, each city has its own function and boundaries of influence. According to their functions, the highest level of the ladder is occupied by the country's capital, followed by regional centers, followed by district centers. Large villages can also serve as administrative centers for surrounding villages [6].

The location of large cities plays a big role in the life of the country. It is they who serve as the territorial structure of society and the leading system in the territorial organization of society. Such a location reflects the economic strength and intellectual potential of the region. Cities are not only the "connecting nodes" of the economy, but also the coexistence of different social and ethnocultural groups of the population [9]. Cities also play a special role in the formation of nations and the ethnocultural development of regions.

The role of capital cities in the life of any country is very big. Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, is the largest city in Central Asia. In 2008, archaeologists announced that the city had a history of 2,200 years. Today, Tashkent is a modern metropolis, the architecture of which includes both medieval buildings and modern business centers.

Tashkent is the most visited city in Uzbekistan, and as of January 1, 2021, it has 200 hotels with 19,560 beds. About half of the 23 hotels with stellar status in the country, ie 12 are located in the capital. 9 of these are 4 and 5 star hotels. All 3 hotels with 5 star status in the country are located in Tashkent [4]. This means that the majority of tourists who come to our capital are high-income, business people.

The results of a survey conducted in 2020 to find out the views of foreign tourists visiting Uzbekistan show that the city of Tashkent is the most visited region in the country. Consequently, 58.0% of tourists surveyed said that they went to Tashkent and spent the night there [3].

Many tourists also come to Tashkent to visit again. The city has many shrines and visiting them will allow many Muslim tourists to return to their homeland with high impressions. Therefore, the fact that the International Islamic Organization (ISESCO) declared Tashkent the capital of Islamic culture in 2007 also shows how important the city is for the Muslim world. In addition, the city preserves the Ottoman Koran, which is included in the list of "Monuments of World Culture". In and around the capital there are the following shrines and historical architectural monuments, such as Kokaldosh Madrasah (built in the XIV century), Kaffol Shoshi Mausoleum (XV century), Hazrati Imam Architectural Complex (XVI century), Abulqasim Madrasah (XIX century), Barakhan Madrasah (XIX century). XVI century), the mosque (XIX century), the mosque of Tilla Sheikh, the mausoleum of the Sufi Father, the mausoleum of Zangiota.

Not only is Tashkent a popular tourist destination, but Tashkent residents are also the most visited. For example, in 2020, 1 million 880 thousand tourists left Tashkent to visit the regions of the country, and in 2021 their number reached 2 million 68 thousand people. This means that the population of this city is distinguished from other regions of Uzbekistan by the level of education and high per capita income [5].

Tourist cities in the regions also have their own characteristics in receiving tourists. Samarkand, the second largest city in Uzbekistan, is a world-famous tourist destination. Samarkand is also the second largest city in terms of tourist visits after Tashkent, with 31.0% of tourists visiting the city in 2020 [5]. In addition to the richness of historical, architectural and cultural monuments, the city has accommodation facilities that meet the needs of foreign tourists. Among the masterpieces of ancient architecture in the city are the Shahi-Zinda, Gori-Amir mausoleum, Bibihanim mosque, Registan ensemble, Ulugbek observatory and many other architectural monuments and others. The most charming and relatively well-preserved Shahi-Zinda is an invaluable masterpiece of art that adorns its time. Even the Bibi Khanum Mosque is distinguished by its incomparable splendor. These monuments give an idea of ​​the construction techniques and architecture of that period. The glorious dome of Gori-Amir Mausoleum is one of the examples of architectural art of the past. In the north-eastern part of the city, the world-famous Ulugbek Observatory is still preserved.

In addition, the city of Samarkand and its surrounding shrines are popular in the Islamic world, and coming there is a dream of Muslims around the world, as well as the flow of tourists from different parts of the country. It is known that Samarkand is one of the most ancient and historical cities on earth. Given the high tourist potential of the region, the development of tourism in and around the city, the further development of modern tourist infrastructure is one of the most pressing issues today.

The city of Bukhara stands out among the ancient, historical and cultural centers located on the Great Silk Road. Bukhara is a world-famous city of ancient history, rich in ancient architectural monuments, which has attracted the attention of many tourists. Known and famous for its more than 140 architectural monuments, Bukhara has retained the image of an ancient eastern city more than any other city in Central Asia. [12].

The mausoleum of Ismail Samani, a magnificent monument of Muslim history, has been preserved for many years and is in good condition to this day. It reflects the best achievements of early medieval architecture. The Kalon Minaret is one of the tallest architectural monuments in Central Asia and for more than 900 years this tower has a special place in the city of Bukhara. In the central part of Bukhara there is an ancient fortress - Ark. This museum is the oldest architectural monument in the city. A number of other monuments in the city are also of great interest to tourists. The creative potential of European masters invited from the construction of the Tsar Minor Madrasah with four high minarets, Balohovuz Mosque with twenty yoghurt columns, Abdulazizkhan, Mir Arab madrasas, summer khan's palace, Sitorai Mohi-Xosa and other places was shared.

In 2020, 25.6% of tourists visiting Uzbekistan said they were in Bukhara and 13.3% in Khiva. Ichan-Kala, home to many of Khiva's architectural monuments, is known around the world as the Open-Air Museum. The architectural monuments of Khiva are mainly madrasas, mosques and minarets, the most important of which are the mausoleum of Pahlavon Mahmud, Muhammad Aminkhan madrasah, Old Ark, Stone Yard, Allakulikhon caravanserai. Of particular note are the Juma Mosque, which has a short minaret and 218 embroidered pillars decorated with colorful ornaments.

Another ancient city in Uzbekistan is Termez. During the years of independence, many industrial enterprises, museums and social networks have been built in the city. There are also settlements belonging to the Greco-Bactrian state in the III-II centuries BC near the city of Termez. Various monuments of Buddhist culture have been found in Qoratepa, and interesting plaques and statues have been found in the ruins of a Buddhist temple in Fayoztepa. The Kyrgyz Palace (IX century), Hakim at Termizi architectural monument (X century), Sultan-Saodat architectural complex (X century), Kokildorota architectural monument, Zurmula tower, Zulkifl architectural monument on the Prophet's island in the Amu Darya its historical monuments attract Buddhists and other tourists along with those interested in Islamic culture.

In the city of Shakhrisabz, which is visited by many tourists in Uzbekistan, in recent years, the restoration of architectural monuments such as Kokgumbaz, Oqsaroy has led to an increase in the flow of tourists.

It is known that the national, spiritual and cultural heritage of our great figures living and working in the Central Asian region is our great wealth, and many of the historical monuments they leave are of great interest to tourists around the world. Uzbekistan, with its cities rich in historical monuments and monuments, has always attracted foreign tourists with its unique nature.

Although Uzbekistan is one of the countries with the highest tourism potential, the share of tourism in GDP, the share of those employed in this sector, lags far behind the export of tourist services. Therefore, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan has adopted a number of resolutions and decrees on further development of the tourism sector. As a result, the country currently lacks accommodation and infrastructure, especially during the tourist season, the system of passenger transport in various modes of transport is insufficiently coordinated, as well as the low level of organization of providing tourists with information about existing tourism potential, domestic tourism. The inefficiency of marketing companies in promoting their characteristics has a negative impact on the rapid development of tourism [5].

CONCLUSION.

Uzbekistan is widely using world experience in strengthening its independence and developing its economy. In this regard, the state creates great opportunities for the development of tourism. In the development of this sector, special attention is paid to the comprehensive development of cities in the country, as urban development is a key factor in the development of tourism. In the current market economy, we believe that in the further development of tourism in our country, in the effective use of its existing potential, special attention should be paid to:

- Restoration of existing tourist facilities in and around the cities of the country, the development of social networks around them that meet international standards;

- Further strengthen the training of highly qualified translators and guides, designers, as well as researchers with in-depth knowledge of the theoretical and scientific foundations of tourism in higher education institutions in Tashkent and other major cities;

- Strengthening the promotion of tourism products in the domestic and foreign tourism markets of the Republic of Uzbekistan, strengthening its image as a beautiful and hospitable country for travel and leisure;

- To study the historical, religious, cultural and ethnographic objects of not only urban but also rural areas from the point of view of tourism in order to further develop tourism in the regions [8];

- Bringing the equipment of transport infrastructure and the quality of roads to the level of world standards;

- to pave the way for the development of tourism as an important sector of the economy and to study it in depth and in detail;

- Festive events aimed at the development of international and domestic tourism, as well as a further increase in benefits for transport and accommodation;

- expanding the structure of tourism in the country, improving its territorial structure, opening branches of the national company "Uzbektourism" in cities with tourist potential;

- In the development of long-term plans of entrepreneurs, firms and enterprises operating in the field of tourism in urban and rural areas, it is necessary to create multi-purpose tourist routes, to create a favorable tourist destination and effective use of existing tourist facilities.

Through the implementation of the above proposals, recommendations and conclusions, the development of cities in Uzbekistan will be further developed, which will create opportunities for further development of the tourism industry in the country.

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