Abstract

This article describes the attention paid to viticulture in the country and its prospects, the ongoing projects in Surkhandarya region, especially in Altynsay district, the viticulture sector in the district, the processing of grapes and the production of products for the needs of our people. In conclusion, it is noted that the study of the characteristics of grapes and the experience of foreign countries in the development of the industry is very effective.

THE MAIN PART:

The role and importance of the agricultural sector in ensuring food security of the world's population is growing day by day. In particular, it is important to ensure the provision of the population with agricultural products, further increase productivity and interest, the introduction of scientific achievements and modern approaches to the field, using the available resources and opportunities in our country.

In his address to the Oliy Majlis on December 29, 2021, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized that the most effective factor in reducing poverty and increasing the income of the rural population is a sharp increase in productivity and efficiency in agriculture.

In this process, the priority has been to increase the income per hectare from the current average of $ 2,000 to at least $ 5,000, and to introduce the most advanced technologies in agriculture, water-saving and biotechnology, seed production, science and innovation. It was noted that we need to widely introduce the achievements in the field of

If we look at the example of Surkhandarya region alone, the total land area of Surkhandarya region is 20.1 thousand km2, of which the area of land used in agriculture is 284.3 thousand hectares, of which irrigated land is 271.6 thousand hectares. The area under grapes is 15.1 thousand hectares. The climate of Surkhandarya region is very favorable for the cultivation and development of grapes. Surkhandarya region is much hotter than other regions, where grapes ripen earlier than other regions. For example: Vine is a thermophilic plant by its biological properties, air and soil temperature are important for vines, especially the sum of active temperatures is very important in the cultivation of edible, raisin and vinobop grapes.

The most widely grown grape varieties in Surkhandarya region are Saperavi, Bishti, Rizling, Toyifi, Black Kishmish, Husseini, Chillaki, White Kishmish, Vevger Muscat, Pink nutmeg ”varieties are widely grown. Accelerated development of all sectors of agriculture in Surkhandarya region, including viticulture, increasing soil fertility, increasing grape yield, improving product quality and their storage in the off-season should be aimed at fully meeting the demand of our people for fruit and grape products.

It is necessary to increase the attention of farms specializing in viticulture to fruit and grape products in our country, to increase their productivity, improve product quality and create opportunities for storage and export of products abroad. Gardeners need to dramatically increase fruit and grape yields, improve product quality, and fully supply the population and the processing industry with raw materials and export high-quality products. In order to raise viticulture to a higher level, it is necessary to implement scientific achievements and recommended technologies in a timely manner and at a high level of agricultural technology.

Table 1: Farmers engaged in horticulture in Surkhandarya region and their land area

Note: The table is based on data from the regional statistics department.

It is necessary to rapidly develop viticulture and grape processing, modernize alcohol production facilities and organize new ones. It is necessary to increase the activity of agro-firms in the system of Uzsharobsanoat, to create vineyards and to increase the production of grapes such as pino nuar, shardone, sovinon-blan, which will allow to produce world-class wine.

The main raw material for wine production are special wine varieties of grapes. Wine varieties of grapes contain the necessary levels of sugar, oxygen and aromatic substances necessary for the production of high quality wine.

Usefulness of grapes; Vine is a valuable subtropical plant, the fruit of which is the most important product for the human body in terms of diet and nutrition. Ripe grapes, especially raisins, contain up to 28-30% of sugars, glucose, fructose and sucrose, which are rapidly absorbed by the body. Fructose is rapidly absorbed without the involvement of the pancreas. Therefore, it is important in the prevention of diabetes. In addition, fresh grapes contain apple, wine, lemon, amber, shavel, and many other organic acids, potassium salts such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, pigments that color the skin, which are necessary for human health. There are double substances. Grapes are rich in vitamins A, C, P, PP, B1, B2, B6, B12, and are an invaluable food, especially for young children and the elderly. It has properties such as improving metabolism, dilating blood vessels, improving liver function, nourishing the heart muscle, cleansing and increasing blood flow.

Raisin varieties give a very nutritious, healing product when dried. Raisins (raisins, garmiyon, etc.) have long been valued as a nutritious and healing food, and have dietary properties. Grapes contain up to 80% of sugar, which is mainly glucose and fructose. The nutritional value of raisins; fats - 1%, proteins - 6%, the rest are hydrocarbons. Potassium - 21%, magnesium -8%, iron -10%, calcium -5%, zinc -1%, phosphorus -10%. The value of raisins is that they can be stored for a long time, transported to distant places or shipped. Among the dried fruits of Uzbekistan, which have already found buyers in the world market, the demand for raisins is growing day by day. Today, raisin products are exported by participants of foreign economic activity in almost all regions of the country. In Surkhandarya region, it is necessary to increase the number of grape varieties with raisins, create jobs in the production of raisins and increase raisin exports. Surkhandarya region is characterized by soil and climatic conditions, as well as the diversity of agricultural cultures. If we look at this indicator at the district level, in Altynsay, Denov, Uzun, Sariosiya districts of Surkhandarya region, the climate and conditions for growing grapes are very favorable, and it is possible to establish grape plantations on 3,000 hectares in each district. As a result, it is possible to process grapes in these districts, to “raisin” grapes and to create jobs for many people, and to export and import these products.

In general, we need to study and apply the experience of Italy and France in the export of raisins and grape beverages to Europe and the CIS.

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