<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "JATS-journalarchiving.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0">
  <front>
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>GENERALIZED JACOBI CHEBYSHEV WAVELET APPROXIMATION</article-title>
        <subtitle>APROKSIMASI WAVELET JACOBI CHEBYSHEV UMUM</subtitle>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib id="person-7f4e910094bed13f707c136f47e27546" contrib-type="person" equal-contrib="no" corresp="no" deceased="no">
          <name>
            <surname>Hamid</surname>
            <given-names>Siti Nur Cholisa</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>sitinur@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1" />
        </contrib>
        <contrib id="person-28c8bbc014df1a9436cbce57b244c098" contrib-type="person" equal-contrib="no" corresp="no" deceased="no">
          <name>
            <surname>Muis</surname>
            <given-names>Lidya Shery</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>lidyasherymuis@umsida.ac.id</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2" />
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff-1">
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-2">
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </aff>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract />
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body id="body">
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>
        <bold id="bold-3daadef412b0c58283315ee9101ed262">INTRODUCTION</bold>
      </title>
      <p id="_paragraph-11">Jacobi polynomials  <inline-formula id="inline-formula-169c142ff5612a20acdfc7cf525b29bb" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[P_n^(α,β) (x)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> constitute a category of classical orthogonal polynomials. They are orthogonal about the weight <inline-formula id="inline-formula-6d6f3d36ad9f55269adb71f560f775ea" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[(1-x)^α (1+x)^β]]></tex-math></inline-formula> on the interval <inline-formula id="inline-formula-1eb5885de0fb4fed8f218b3d22ff0402" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[[-1,1]. ]]></tex-math></inline-formula> . We have <inline-formula id="inline-formula-b450649744e902aa8106cb1c9f922a34" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[P_n^((α,β)) (x)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> Chebyshev polynomials with <inline-formula id="inline-formula-c88b23d032d687316a23f572b3884411" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[|x|≤1]]></tex-math></inline-formula>.</p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-8690fa0a4d2660b8326580105db63f60">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-fc40eab474308bd84eed92d8a73e380a" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-8c43e22c4aeb8052db2ccedc676431d4" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 1.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-12">also for <inline-formula id="inline-formula-b11bcd8cfa1420ea472eec99234faf9c" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[n=4,5,⋯]]></tex-math></inline-formula></p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-5a4bcb922cc0e1dd36d344d44b427019">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-9cd0672c9d6da0b0f1873af7a4a33f3e" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-4175af68f3402f32f8c7e46fd9b7248e" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 2.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-13">The Jacobi polynomials are generated by the three-term recurrence relation, for scalars <inline-formula id="inline-formula-b1466e09ea2fdfa935b042c9ebbd0cf6" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[a_n^((α,β)),b_n^((α,β)) ]]></tex-math></inline-formula> and , <inline-formula id="inline-formula-ae0eebb4498c0b726af9066a1d228be3" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[c_n^((α,β)), ]]></tex-math></inline-formula></p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-18726d9ff9ff92e8cac43b2820b3e410">
        <label>Figure 3</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-128ff5e19eb2fda8c49a45f11727f7bf" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-490d8d9bce5d49cb53aba50f0f522926" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 3.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-14">where</p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-7922d97824d9dbbd942d2d3a109636d0">
        <label>Figure 4</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-be280b251fce611c7160c4b80d1d50d5" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-9f5a5a3248e51cd8a89f6cb5e52319b6" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 4.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-15">also</p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-1ce3fa5e0a420198c92fee316d5c4807">
        <label>Figure 5</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-cca5f837970a8c3dbb7c31e5dbecd71c" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-c1941e094f2e48d9dfdcaa3f1920a8c0" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 5.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-16">The Jacobi polynomials <inline-formula id="inline-formula-6aebdb92db5e3fe50f9651fac7467fe2" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[y=P_n^((α,β)) (x)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> solve the linear second-order differential equation</p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-2b26c343006c60100f4f0ec295b8fc8b">
        <label>Figure 6</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-e50c9a4ab459a314832a4bce9b8fd8b3" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-08bf7286f4519fa1687ce5f9b306a57e" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 6.png" />
      </fig>
    </sec>
    <sec id="_heading-1">
      <title>
        <bold id="bold-63df22ff0671105680574d7cf49540e7">A. Jacobi polynomials</bold>
      </title>
      <p id="_paragraph-17">
        <bold id="_bold-6">Theorem 1.1 </bold>
        <italic id="_italic-1">There are scalars <inline-formula id="inline-formula-c2093d67ffcf6a5dfe2962f9dce44418" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[a_0^((α,β)),a_1^((α,β)),⋯,a_n^((α,β))∈R]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-2">such that </italic>
      </p>
      <p id="paragraph-2342bb3a4856da152dfd215745de8ba1">
        <inline-formula id="inline-formula-6e794d389f376df88a26413b01372a1b" content-type="math/tex">
          <tex-math><![CDATA[P_n^((α,β)) (x)=∑_(m=0)^n▒‍ a_(n,m)^((α,β)) x^m.]]></tex-math>
        </inline-formula>
      </p>
      <p id="_paragraph-18"><italic id="_italic-3">Proof.</italic> We use mathematical induction.</p>
      <p id="_paragraph-19">For this</p>
      <p id="paragraph-7b7336401968273ff6fdae18f47e23ad">
        <inline-formula id="inline-formula-4e30b21e4757d40a34dd6846d5e4e2a6" content-type="math/tex">
          <tex-math><![CDATA[P_0^((α,β)) (x)=1,]]></tex-math>
        </inline-formula>
      </p>
      <p id="paragraph-78062d643d5ea66b290ec032bf96e8aa">
        <inline-formula id="inline-formula-f2ce743d30d298c27bd9d0c4849f5910" content-type="math/tex">
          <tex-math><![CDATA[P_1^((α,β)) (x)=1/2(α+β+2)x+1/2(α-β).]]></tex-math>
        </inline-formula>
      </p>
      <p id="_paragraph-20">
        <bold id="_bold-7"> The hypothesis of mathematical induction:</bold>
      </p>
      <p id="_paragraph-21">Suppose for <inline-formula id="inline-formula-054af767485e7abdfd5faccedc46d100" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[0≤k<n]]></tex-math></inline-formula> , we have</p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-fd8496815fb1e9e019e6814ad2122234">
        <label>Figure 7</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-f81d7107d003b589fd8c4d19c17a66f9" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-1a61c724a1baf1c738800c232a922c80" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 7.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-24">
        <bold id="_bold-8"> The rule of mathematical induction:</bold>
      </p>
      <p id="_paragraph-25">For scalars <inline-formula id="inline-formula-ba3d2fc32c88029dfdfb0139311287b5" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[a_n^((α,β)),b_n^((α,β))]]></tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula id="inline-formula-ce8a6adba6177b3a7e61efd64051d7f1" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[c_n^((α,β))]]></tex-math></inline-formula></p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-5daf4edaaee17eaf3e4f502cc6c66a93">
        <label>Figure 8</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-165147f4284d2f8828a53eb2ac448e63" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-6cf96b2bf8d94dd22ce41919e6f2e151" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 8.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-26">
        <bold id="_bold-9">Theorem 1.2 </bold>
      </p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-03233f01ad07bc66f14ff97491e572d3">
        <label>Figure 9</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-4dfea9016cb168ab1211aefb1bee556a" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-ed427f12e13efc2adc3003d3c0a8add1" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 9.png" />
      </fig>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>
        <bold id="bold-0a3ab999d2eab8ff10a7dbec929e0c0a">B. Generalized Jacobi Chebyshev Wavelets</bold>
      </title>
      <fig id="figure-panel-f3cad9ba02304b781328ce309ea0e263">
        <label>Figure 10</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-ccf12c4c0fcd6f476acd7c1e21499ced" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-a1c23377055854446d2500b02ec320bc" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 10.png" />
      </fig>
      <fig id="figure-panel-9ac4c1de5e2221662aac436f308972f2">
        <label>Figure 11</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-f2d7c9a00346c2d0f08a61c186183adf" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-7496709b1aacb59f99be21c43df8c75d" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 11.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-44">It is necessary to study multiresolution analysis and Mallat’s Theorem for wavelet approximation.</p>
      <p id="_paragraph-45">
        <bold id="_bold-11">Definition 2.1  Multiresolution Analysis:</bold>
        <italic id="_italic-9">An MRA with scaling function ϕ constitutes a collection of closed subspaces</italic>
      </p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-65c694aab47075d6778720a8941fe2d2">
        <label>Figure 12</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-bca8d21c54960bc9ddff412c760225fe" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-b2c4d8c8b89465b983f0bf5b457fab8b" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 12.png" />
      </fig>
      <fig id="figure-panel-ca83d120f87c6a114cb490e32ecf9f1e">
        <label>Figure 13</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-07691120924ce0b225ce8614381e93ac" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-3631e9832775bbaa33e7bfb757e1810c" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 13.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-53">We now present Mallat’s theorem, which ensures that in the context of an orthogonal multiresolution analysis (MRA), an orthonormal basis exists for <inline-formula id="inline-formula-2a993c5cc1cbfe6f95c057c0a5ffc208" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[L^2 (R)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> exists. These basis functions are essential in wavelet theory, facilitating the development of sophisticated computational algorithms.</p>
      <p id="_paragraph-54"><bold id="_bold-12">Lemma 2.1</bold> (Mallat's Theorem) In the context of an orthogonal multiresolution analysis (MRA) characterised by a scaling function ϕ, a corresponding wavelet exists<italic id="_italic-12"> <inline-formula id="inline-formula-4fa6f877ce4b94c9651d13b773ee3578" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[ψ∈L^2 (R)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> such that for each <inline-formula id="inline-formula-f1827e63da1bc0cd2f330d6edc8b5d13" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[j∈Z]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic><italic id="_italic-13">, the family <inline-formula id="inline-formula-e0c79633d6c4c5dc45c4f1881a2ee885" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[{ψ_(j,k) }_(k∈Z)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic><italic id="_italic-14">is an orthonormal basis for <inline-formula id="inline-formula-632c918525722bf5acf0b534a01df303" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[W_j]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic><italic id="_italic-15">. Hence the family <inline-formula id="inline-formula-00b67e7ee7fbae00022face673e451f7" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[{ψ_(j,k) }_(k∈Z)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic><italic id="_italic-16">is an orthonormal basis for <inline-formula id="inline-formula-9b62627bfb468d34a13a34d0426739eb" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[L^2 (R)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic><italic id="_italic-17">. </italic></p>
      <p id="_paragraph-55">
        <bold id="_bold-13">Definition 2.2 </bold>
        <italic id="_italic-18">(i) Let family </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-19">be an orthonormal basis for <inline-formula id="inline-formula-d95d46a236a0c30249aaa6022bab6f6a" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[L^2 (R)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-20">and  <inline-formula id="inline-formula-511342ba69339404cfd45f46333881c5" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[P_n (f)]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-21">the orthogonal projection of <inline-formula id="inline-formula-ba27693edabb6d5496319a8e70c3d207" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[L^2 ([-1,1])]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-22">onto <inline-formula id="inline-formula-665a87ca9aef483aedd49bd4baf75870" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[V_n]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-23">. Then </italic>
      </p>
      <p id="paragraph-e07a27483b0ffd5e195ee5ac7ec709fb">
        <inline-formula id="inline-formula-a128c4276ddbf565ce83624c6881708e" content-type="math/tex">
          <tex-math><![CDATA[P_n (f)=∑_(-∞)^∞▒‍<f,ψ_(n,k)>ψ_(n,k),n=1,2,3,⋯]]></tex-math>
        </inline-formula>
      </p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-7fe7bc0f699cac332929107ba56d3234">
        <label>Figure 14</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-7161599a0f2f52f6ff11c7d2115cd36b" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-daae7948c50fef0abaca7ac9b1a2bb8d" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 14.png" />
      </fig>
      <fig id="figure-panel-390b8ca7af63277a838663b737280e67">
        <label>Figure 15</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-7a9307b7e5d4069e0fd4a52553be9fc5" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-d4a6b416414b4f6da5ab5c2e52490f0b" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 15.png" />
      </fig>
      <p id="_paragraph-62">
        <bold id="_bold-15">Definition 2.3 </bold>
        <italic id="_italic-27">Suppose <inline-formula id="inline-formula-a415254ebbf30901fd65220762a97bb0" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[f∈L^2 [a,b]]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-28">and <inline-formula id="inline-formula-f4f68d3c4cc0fc542b4f55a408f9837a" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[P_n]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-29">is a set of all polynomials of degree </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-30">and smaller n. If there exists a function <inline-formula id="inline-formula-76037dc0cfe8d229c2d3edeb843cc7f3" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[q^*∈P_n]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-31">such that <inline-formula id="inline-formula-2e7b1b9fdfc7de605a44c340335ea154" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[lim_(n→∞) P_n (f)=0]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-32">, where <inline-formula id="inline-formula-ab375d63be0c7d6772f0141b4afa80a9" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[P_n (f)=〖inf〗_(p∈P_n )∥f-p∥_2]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-33">. Then </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-34">is called best uniform polynomial approximation to <inline-formula id="inline-formula-786fbd7c807f19424c669e9c49beb4ae" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[f]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-35">on <inline-formula id="inline-formula-0f6a695fbf999c63819fa47ea924937b" content-type="math/tex"><tex-math><![CDATA[[a,b]]]></tex-math></inline-formula> </italic>
        <italic id="_italic-36">. </italic>
      </p>
      <fig id="figure-panel-8d44a73e46dcfed6d7c6596a855342e4">
        <label>Figure 16</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-a55968cb5ec99ca6a9d9d1b8c7a44f76" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-345f41414ee678727e583d29c45b5573" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 16_2.png" />
      </fig>
      <fig id="figure-panel-64e7fe213b52ffca2254f351107d9a99">
        <label>Figure 17</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-e5ae2114e2e97615e6ab925b39394ca2" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-1e6c3af7fdff8183e672be20172710dd" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 17.png" />
      </fig>
      <fig id="figure-panel-83b43503d2d5c3745c8718b66bb5cb49">
        <label>Figure 18</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-3158607196319d9449692d2296a96505" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-0a6f6715e96c42b82dbe20995fd43e30" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 18.png" />
      </fig>
      <fig id="figure-panel-877c33f8e13ca91783e1e468e1b2b749">
        <label>Figure 19</label>
        <caption>
          <p id="paragraph-21579eeaee2cdb4963b9900dae2a26fe" />
        </caption>
        <graphic id="graphic-24677aa26e0b69eb5bfee045121656ce" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="PIC 19.png" />
      </fig>
    </sec>
    <sec id="heading-28d8fd8e082e80197588e7fffe05b2c1">
      <title>
        <bold id="_bold-21">Declarations</bold>
      </title>
      <p id="_paragraph-78">Ethical Approval: not applicable</p>
      <p id="_paragraph-79">Funding: No funding</p>
      <p id="_paragraph-80">Availability of data and materials: Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back />
</article>